Desordens musculoesqueléticas em cirurgiões-dentistas que atuam no Sistema Público de Saúde
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Data
2016-07-29
Autores
Soares, Gabriella Barreto [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desordens musculoesqueléticas são uma das mais importantes questões de saúde ocupacional em profissionais de saúde, sendo os cirurgiões-dentistas um dos principais grupos afetados. pois trabalham em posturas estáticas, utilizam a mão com precisão e realizam movimentos repetitivos. Diante desta constatação, o objetivo do estudo é investigar a prevalência das desordens musculoesqueléticas em cirurgiões-dentistas e sua relação com variáveis ligadas a questões sociodemográficas, de trabalho e de saúde. Além de avaliar a percepção dos fatores do trabalho que podem contribuir para sintomas osteomusculares bem como identificar a relação entre a intensidade da dor e a incapacidade em cirurgiões-dentistas, trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico, que foi realizado com todos os cirurgiões-dentistas do serviço público dos 40 municípios pertencentes à Divisão Regional de Saúde II, de São Paulo, que aceitaram participar da pesquisa (204). Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, a partir da utilização de um questionário semiestruturado, composto por perguntas relacionadas ao perfil sociodemográfico, questões relacionadas ao trabalho e à condição de saúde dos profissionais aferidos. Foi utilizado também a versão brasileira do Questionário Nórdico e o Instrumento sobre fatores do trabalho que podem contribuir para sintomas osteomusculares. Para os sujeitos sintomáticos, também foram aplicados o Questionário de avaliação da incapacidade gerada pela dor (The Pain Disability Questionnaire-PDQ) e a Escala numérica de dor. Os dados foram analisados no software SPSS versão 21.0, em que análises descritivas, testes de confiabilidade, correlação, análise bivariada e regressão logística foram utilizados para testar as hipóteses do estudo. A maioria dos cirurgiões-dentistas eram mulheres (63,2%), cuja média de idade consistia em 43 anos e clinicavam, em média, há 21 anos. As desordens musculoesqueléticas foram mais prevalentes nas regiões de pescoço (55.4%), ombros (52.0%), região lombar (48.5%) e mãos/punhos (46.1%). Os fatores do trabalho percebidos como mais problemáticos foram: flexão ou torção da coluna de forma inadequada, o fato de continuar a trabalhar quando apresenta dor e trabalhar na mesma posição por longos períodos. A análise de regressão logística mostrou que existe correlação entre as desordens musculoesqueléticas no pescoço com idade (OR=9.48) e os problemas de saúde (OR=6.71). Além disso, associações foram encontradas entre desordens musculoesqueléticas nos ombros com gênero (OR=5.88) e pausas entre atendimentos (OR=4.17). A comparação entre os cirurgiões-dentistas sintomáticos e assintomáticos apresentaram diferença significativa (p <0,05) em sua percepção nos fatores relacionados ao trabalho. A análise da intensidade da dor e da incapacidade, com PDQ, nos cirurgiões-dentistas sintomáticos mostrou uma intensidade de dor média de 3,8 e médias do total de PDQ (11,46). Houve uma correlação significativa de forte magnitude (r = 0,697) entre a intensidade da dor e a pontuação total de incapacidade causada pela dor. Conclui-se que problemas de saúde diagnosticados, atividades relacionadas ao trabalho e gênero podem contribuir para desordens musculoesqueléticas em cirurgiões-dentistas, bem como se pode concluir que a análise da ocorrência de dor e problemas relacionados com o trabalho mostram que as desordens musculoesqueléticas já estão interferindo significativamente na vida dos cirurgiões-dentistas.
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational health issues in health professionals, dentists are one of the most affected groups because work in static postures, use the hand with precision and perform repetitive movements. The purpose of the study is to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and their relationship to sociodemographic, work and health variables. Besides, assessing the perception of labor factors that may contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms, and identify the relationship between the intensity of pain and disability in dentists. This is a cross-sectional analytical study, which was conducted with all public service dentists of the 40 municipalities in the Health Regional Division of São Paulo who agreed to participate (204). Data were collected through interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire with questions related to socio-demographic profile, issues related to labor and health condition, the Brazilian version of the Nordic Questionnaire and the Instrument on work factors that may contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms. For symptomatic subjects were also applied the questionnaire for assessing the disability caused by pain (The Pain Disability Questionnaire-PDQ) and the numerical scale of pain. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0, in which descriptive analysis, correlation, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to test the hypotheses of the study. Most dentists were women (63.2%), mean age was 43 years and work on average for 21 years. Musculoskeletal disorders were more prevalent in the neck regions (55.4%), shoulders (52.0%), lower back (48.5%) and hands / wrists (46.1%). The work factors perceived as most problematic were bending or twisting of improperly column, the fact continue to work when presenting pain and work in the same position for long periods. Logistic regression analysis showed that there is a correlation between musculoskeletal disorders in the neck with age (OR = 9.48) and health problems (OR = 6.71). Moreover, associations were found between musculoskeletal disorders in shoulders with gender (OR = 5.88) and breaks between visits (OR = 4.17). The comparison between the symptomatic and asymptomatic dentists showed significant differences (p <0.05) in their perception on factors related to work. The analysis of pain intensity and disability with PDQ, in symptomatic dentists showed an average pain intensity of 3.8 and average of total PDQ (11.46). There was a significant correlation of strong magnitude (r = 0.697) between the intensity of pain and the total score of disability caused by pain. It is concluded that diagnosed health problems, work-related activities and gender can contribute to musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and analysis of the occurrence of pain and work-related problems show that musculoskeletal disorders are already interfering significantly in the lives of dentists.
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important occupational health issues in health professionals, dentists are one of the most affected groups because work in static postures, use the hand with precision and perform repetitive movements. The purpose of the study is to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and their relationship to sociodemographic, work and health variables. Besides, assessing the perception of labor factors that may contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms, and identify the relationship between the intensity of pain and disability in dentists. This is a cross-sectional analytical study, which was conducted with all public service dentists of the 40 municipalities in the Health Regional Division of São Paulo who agreed to participate (204). Data were collected through interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire with questions related to socio-demographic profile, issues related to labor and health condition, the Brazilian version of the Nordic Questionnaire and the Instrument on work factors that may contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms. For symptomatic subjects were also applied the questionnaire for assessing the disability caused by pain (The Pain Disability Questionnaire-PDQ) and the numerical scale of pain. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0, in which descriptive analysis, correlation, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to test the hypotheses of the study. Most dentists were women (63.2%), mean age was 43 years and work on average for 21 years. Musculoskeletal disorders were more prevalent in the neck regions (55.4%), shoulders (52.0%), lower back (48.5%) and hands / wrists (46.1%). The work factors perceived as most problematic were bending or twisting of improperly column, the fact continue to work when presenting pain and work in the same position for long periods. Logistic regression analysis showed that there is a correlation between musculoskeletal disorders in the neck with age (OR = 9.48) and health problems (OR = 6.71). Moreover, associations were found between musculoskeletal disorders in shoulders with gender (OR = 5.88) and breaks between visits (OR = 4.17). The comparison between the symptomatic and asymptomatic dentists showed significant differences (p <0.05) in their perception on factors related to work. The analysis of pain intensity and disability with PDQ, in symptomatic dentists showed an average pain intensity of 3.8 and average of total PDQ (11.46). There was a significant correlation of strong magnitude (r = 0.697) between the intensity of pain and the total score of disability caused by pain. It is concluded that diagnosed health problems, work-related activities and gender can contribute to musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and analysis of the occurrence of pain and work-related problems show that musculoskeletal disorders are already interfering significantly in the lives of dentists.
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Palavras-chave
Odontologia, Doenças Musculoesqueléticas, Odontólogos, Doenças profissionais, Saúde do trabalhador, Dor, Dentistry, Musculoskeletal disorders, Dentists, Occupational health, Ergonomics