Jovens guitarristas, aprendizagem autodirecionada e a busca pela orientação musical
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Data
2016-06-29
Autores
Paarmann, Heraldo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O autoaprendizado de música é uma prática comum entre jovens que desenvolvem processos personalizados de construção de conhecimento a partir dos seus interesses musicais. Por meio desses processos alcançam seus objetivos imediatos, o que torna essa forma de aprendizado uma opção tentadora. A guitarra elétrica é um instrumento frequentemente sujeito ao autoaprendizado. Para validar essa assertiva, apresento ao leitor nove jovens autoaprendizes de guitarra, que participam desta pesquisa qualitativa, um estudo de caso múltiplo. Observa-se que, nos últimos quinze anos, muito se investigou acerca de como esses processos são vividos pelos autoaprendizes, produzindo, inclusive, uma legitimação das práticas de aprendizado informais na música popular. Porém pouca atenção foi dada para as dificuldades que surgem no decorrer dessa trajetória e à consequente motivação por uma orientação musical de professores, seja presencialmente ou à distância. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta investigação é compreender por que alguns jovens autoaprendizes desejam uma orientação musical. Para ter êxito nesse processo investigativo, foi feito um levantamento de dados no meio digital, por intermédio de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, realizadas por videoconferência, criação de grupo de discussão no Facebook da pesquisa, observação e análise de vídeos dos jovens guitarristas postados no Youtube e registro em um caderno de pesquisa. Para análise e interpretação dos dados, recorri ao conceito de Aprendizagem Autodirecionada (Self-Directed Learning - SDL), inicialmente estruturado pelo educador americano Malcom Knowles. Este conceito foi adaptado para o contexto de aprendizagem musical a partir do modelo tridimensional SDL criado por Liyan Song e Janette R. Hill, que originalmente desenvolveram-no para a investigação do aprendizado em ambiente on-line. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que todos os jovens alcançaram limites temporários no autoaprendizado e buscaram orientação musical. Mas, um perfil singular de aprendiz foi identificado, caracterizado pela alternância e simultaneidade entre a autoaprendizagem e a orientação. Este perfil indica que os jovens participantes da pesquisa estão, quer em uma situação ou outra, autodirecionando seu aprendizado. As implicações desta pesquisa para a Educação Musical estão voltadas para que professores de música reflitam a respeito de suas metodologias de ensino, aperfeiçoando-as para um melhor atendimento a este tipo de aprendiz.
Music self-directed learning is a common practice among young people who develop custom processes to build knowledge from their musical interests. Through these processes they reach their immediate goal which makes this form of learning a tempting option. The electric guitar can be considered one of the instruments that could lead to a self-learning. To validate this assertion, I present the reader nine young guitar self-learners who participated in this qualitative research, a multiple study case. It is observed that, in the last fifteen years, plenty of investigations have been made regarding to how these processes are experienced by self-learners, but little attention has been given to the difficulties that emerge in the course of this path and a consequent motivation for a musical orientation. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand why some young self-learners seek for musical orientation. To succeed in this investigative process, data collection was made in the digital environment, through semi-structured individual interviews conducted by videoconference, debate groups on Facebook, observation and analysis of the young guitarists’ videos posted on Youtube, and records in a fieldnotes. For the data analysis and interpretation, I resorted to the concept of Self-directed Learning (SDL), initially structured by the American educator Malcolm Knowles. This concept was adapted for the context of musical learning from the SDL three-dimensional model created by Liyan Song and Janette R. Hill that originally developed it to the investigation of the online learning environment. The results of this research have shown that all young people have achieved temporary limits in self-learning and sought for musical orientation. But a singular apprentice profile was identified, characterized by the interchange and simultaneity between self-learning and orientation. This profile indicates that the young participants of the research, either in one situation or in the other, are self-directing their learning. The implications of this research for music education are aimed for music teacher to reflect about their teaching methodologies, optimizing them for a better orientation to this kind of learner.
Music self-directed learning is a common practice among young people who develop custom processes to build knowledge from their musical interests. Through these processes they reach their immediate goal which makes this form of learning a tempting option. The electric guitar can be considered one of the instruments that could lead to a self-learning. To validate this assertion, I present the reader nine young guitar self-learners who participated in this qualitative research, a multiple study case. It is observed that, in the last fifteen years, plenty of investigations have been made regarding to how these processes are experienced by self-learners, but little attention has been given to the difficulties that emerge in the course of this path and a consequent motivation for a musical orientation. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand why some young self-learners seek for musical orientation. To succeed in this investigative process, data collection was made in the digital environment, through semi-structured individual interviews conducted by videoconference, debate groups on Facebook, observation and analysis of the young guitarists’ videos posted on Youtube, and records in a fieldnotes. For the data analysis and interpretation, I resorted to the concept of Self-directed Learning (SDL), initially structured by the American educator Malcolm Knowles. This concept was adapted for the context of musical learning from the SDL three-dimensional model created by Liyan Song and Janette R. Hill that originally developed it to the investigation of the online learning environment. The results of this research have shown that all young people have achieved temporary limits in self-learning and sought for musical orientation. But a singular apprentice profile was identified, characterized by the interchange and simultaneity between self-learning and orientation. This profile indicates that the young participants of the research, either in one situation or in the other, are self-directing their learning. The implications of this research for music education are aimed for music teacher to reflect about their teaching methodologies, optimizing them for a better orientation to this kind of learner.
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Palavras-chave
Autoaprendizado, Guitarra, Aprendizagem autodirecionada, Self-directed learning, Jovens, Orientação musical, Self-learning, Electric guitar, Youth, Musical orientation