Desenvolvimento de uma plataforma instável com molas para avaliação do controle postural
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Data
2016-07-12
Autores
Miranda, Vania Cristina dos Reis [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A avaliação do controle postural é importante para o diagnóstico e monitoramento dos distúrbios de equilíbrio observados em várias situações e grupos populacionais, como os idosos, pelas consequentes quedas, que causam grande impacto na vida social desta população. Embora existam inúmeras ferramentas qualitativas e quantitativas para esta avaliação, é possível observar algumas limitações como a subjetividade de alguns testes, a complexidade dos equipamentos e divergência no uso de alguns instrumentos, tais como a espuma. Dentro deste contexto, os objetivos deste estudo foram desenvolver uma plataforma de força com molas para a avaliação do controle postural e verificar se as molas propostas são capazes de gerar instabilidade suficiente para esta avaliação em dois grupos, de adultos jovens e idosos, ambos saudáveis, a partir dos parâmetros do centro de pressão, e também verificar se o Kinect da Microsoft® é capaz de captar as oscilações do centro de massa de jovens adultos sobre a plataforma instável. Essa plataforma de força instável com molas foi elaborada para avaliar os parâmetros relacionados ao centro de pressão (CoP) e posteriormente 12 adultos jovens e 12 idosos saudáveis foram avaliados sob as condições com olhos abertos (OA) e olhos fechados (OF) sobre plataforma de força estável e instável. Uma outra plataforma com molas foi construída no Laboratório GSCOP (INP Grenoble – França) com o intuito de avaliar o controle postural de 20 adultos jovens saudáveis, associado aos dados provenientes do Kinect. Foi observado que no grupo de adultos jovens houve uma maior oscilação média na direção antero-posterior (AP) do CoP na plataforma instável, principalmente com olhos abertos, assim como um aumento na área de oscilação total do CoP. Para os idosos esse aumento ocorreu nos parâmetros de oscilação média na direção AP e médio lateral (ML) nas condições de olhos abertos e fechados, e a área de oscilação também aumentou na condição com olhos fechados. Os resultados com o Kinect ressaltaram um aumento significativo somente da oscilação AP do centro de massa (CM) sobre a plataforma instável com olhos fechados. A plataforma com molas foi capaz de gerar instabilidade suficiente para avaliar o controle postural e pode ser útil para identificar risco de quedas. O Kinect foi capaz de detectar maior oscilação do CM em situações mais desafiadoras. Porém são necessários mais estudos para investigar o efeito de mola no controle postural.
The assessment of postural control is important for the diagnosis and monitoring of balance disorders observed in several situations and population groups such as the elderly, by the consequent falls which cause great impact on the social life of this population. Although there are numerous qualitative and quantitative tools for this evaluation, it is possible to observe some limitations as the subjectivity of some tests, the complexity of the equipment and divergence in the use of some instruments, such as the foam. Within this context, the objectives of this study were to develop a force platform with springs for assessment of postural control and verify if the proposed springs are able to generate sufficient instability for this evaluation in two groups, young adults and older, both healthy, from the center of pressure parameters, and also to check if the Microsoft Kinect is able to capture the center of mass movements of young adults on the unstable platform. This unstable force plate with springs was developed to evaluate the parameters of center of pressure (CoP) and 12 healthy young adults and 12 healthy elderly were evaluated under the conditions with opened eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) on stable and unstable force platform. Another platform with springs was built in Laboratory GSCOP (INP Grenoble - France) to assess postural control of 20 younger adults, with data center of mass from the Kinect. It was observed that in young adults group had a average oscilation of anteroposterior (AP) displacement significant increase on the platform unstable, especially with opened eyes and an increase in the oscillation area. For elderly this significant increase occurred in the parameters oscillation’s CoP AP and medial-lateral (ML) CoP displacement in the conditions of opened and closed eyes, the oscillation’s area also increased with closed eyes. The results with Kinect highlighted a significant increase only oscillation’s AP of the center of mass (CM) over unstable force platform with closed eyes. The platform with springs was able to generate enough instability to assess postural control and can be useful for identifying falls risk. Kinect was able to detect greater CM sway in more challenging situations. But more studies are required to investigate the spring effect on postural control.
The assessment of postural control is important for the diagnosis and monitoring of balance disorders observed in several situations and population groups such as the elderly, by the consequent falls which cause great impact on the social life of this population. Although there are numerous qualitative and quantitative tools for this evaluation, it is possible to observe some limitations as the subjectivity of some tests, the complexity of the equipment and divergence in the use of some instruments, such as the foam. Within this context, the objectives of this study were to develop a force platform with springs for assessment of postural control and verify if the proposed springs are able to generate sufficient instability for this evaluation in two groups, young adults and older, both healthy, from the center of pressure parameters, and also to check if the Microsoft Kinect is able to capture the center of mass movements of young adults on the unstable platform. This unstable force plate with springs was developed to evaluate the parameters of center of pressure (CoP) and 12 healthy young adults and 12 healthy elderly were evaluated under the conditions with opened eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE) on stable and unstable force platform. Another platform with springs was built in Laboratory GSCOP (INP Grenoble - France) to assess postural control of 20 younger adults, with data center of mass from the Kinect. It was observed that in young adults group had a average oscilation of anteroposterior (AP) displacement significant increase on the platform unstable, especially with opened eyes and an increase in the oscillation area. For elderly this significant increase occurred in the parameters oscillation’s CoP AP and medial-lateral (ML) CoP displacement in the conditions of opened and closed eyes, the oscillation’s area also increased with closed eyes. The results with Kinect highlighted a significant increase only oscillation’s AP of the center of mass (CM) over unstable force platform with closed eyes. The platform with springs was able to generate enough instability to assess postural control and can be useful for identifying falls risk. Kinect was able to detect greater CM sway in more challenging situations. But more studies are required to investigate the spring effect on postural control.
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Palavras-chave
Equilíbrio postural, Avaliação do Equilíbrio Postural, Envelhecimento, Plataforma de força, Postural balance, Assessment of postural balance, Aging, Force plate, Microsoft® Kinect