A soberania alimentar através do Estado e da sociedade civil: o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), no Brasil e a rede Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC), no Canadá
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Data
2016-08-24
Autores
Coca, Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em 1996, a coalização internacional de movimentos camponeses La Via Campesina apresentou a soberania alimentar como uma proposta alternativa de organização dos sistemas alimentares, indo além da hegemonia das grandes corporações. Nesses vinte anos, a soberania alimentar tem evoluído, sendo incorporada como bandeira de luta por outros movimentos do campo e da cidade e por alguns governos. Existe soberania alimentar quando um povo controla seu processo de alimentação, diminuindo a influência das grandes corporações. Assim, nessa proposta o alimento não é tratado como mercadoria, mas como um direito humano. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da presente tese é estudar experiências de compra públicas de alimentos e sua contribuição para a soberania alimentar no Brasil e no Canadá. Para isso, foram estuadas duas ações: i) o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), no Cantuquiriguaçu, estado do Paraná e no Pontal do Paranapanema, estado de São Paulo – duas regiões nomeadas pelo pelo Governo Federal brasileiro como territórios da cidadania – e; ii) a rede Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC), na região metropolitana de Vancouver, no Canadá. Defende-se a hipótese de que a soberania alimentar tem se constituído como uma alternativa ao regime alimentar corporativista e que, além disso, ela pode ser implementada por meio do protagonismo do Estado (exemplo do PAA) e da sociedade civil (exemplo da rede F2CC). Como elemento central dos procedimentos metodológicos foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com agricultores familiares/camponeses, representantes de Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs), membros do Poder Público e outros. Constatou-se que o PAA tem contribuído para a soberania alimentar no Cantuquiriguaçu e no Pontal do Paranapanema através da criação de uma nova oportunidade de mercado para os agricultores familiares/camponeses e da melhoria da alimentação dos proponentes e dos beneficiários pela doação dos alimentos. Por seu turno, a rede F2CC tem sido um vetor para a mudança das relações de consumo de alimentos em Metro Vancouver.
In 1996, the international peasant coalition La Via Campesina introduced food sovereignty as an alternative proposal for organizing food systems, going beyond the hegemony of large corporations. In these twenty years, food sovereignty has evolved, being incorporated as a flag of struggle for other social movements in the countryside, city and by some governments. Food sovereignty exists when the people control their process of nourishment, reducing the influence of large corporations. Thus, in this proposal food is not treated as a commodity, but as a human right. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to study public food procurement experiences and their contribution to food sovereignty in Brazil and Canada. For this, two programs were analyzed: i) the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in Cantuquiriguaçu, the state of Parana and in the Pontal do Paranapanema, the state of São Paulo – two regions appointed by the Federal Government of Brazil as citizenship territories – and ; ii) the Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC) network, in the metropolitan area of Vancouver, Canada. Thus, the central hypothesis is that food sovereignty has been established as an alternative food regime that, furthermore, can be implemented through the protagonism of the state (PAA as an example) and of civil society (the F2CC network as an example). As a central element of the methodological procedures, semi-structured interviews were conducted with family farmers/peasants, representatives of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Government Officials and others. We found that the PAA has contributed to food sovereignty in Cantuquiriguaçu and Pontal do Paranapanema by creating a new market opportunity for family farmers/peasants and a better feeding for proponents and beneficiaries by the donation of food. In its turn, the F2CC network has been a vector for change of food consumer relations in Metro Vancouver.
In 1996, the international peasant coalition La Via Campesina introduced food sovereignty as an alternative proposal for organizing food systems, going beyond the hegemony of large corporations. In these twenty years, food sovereignty has evolved, being incorporated as a flag of struggle for other social movements in the countryside, city and by some governments. Food sovereignty exists when the people control their process of nourishment, reducing the influence of large corporations. Thus, in this proposal food is not treated as a commodity, but as a human right. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to study public food procurement experiences and their contribution to food sovereignty in Brazil and Canada. For this, two programs were analyzed: i) the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in Cantuquiriguaçu, the state of Parana and in the Pontal do Paranapanema, the state of São Paulo – two regions appointed by the Federal Government of Brazil as citizenship territories – and ; ii) the Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC) network, in the metropolitan area of Vancouver, Canada. Thus, the central hypothesis is that food sovereignty has been established as an alternative food regime that, furthermore, can be implemented through the protagonism of the state (PAA as an example) and of civil society (the F2CC network as an example). As a central element of the methodological procedures, semi-structured interviews were conducted with family farmers/peasants, representatives of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Government Officials and others. We found that the PAA has contributed to food sovereignty in Cantuquiriguaçu and Pontal do Paranapanema by creating a new market opportunity for family farmers/peasants and a better feeding for proponents and beneficiaries by the donation of food. In its turn, the F2CC network has been a vector for change of food consumer relations in Metro Vancouver.
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Palavras-chave
Regimes alimentares, Soberania alimentar, Compra institucional de alimentos, Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC), Food regimes, Food sovereignty, Institutional food procurement, Food Acquisition Program (PAA)