Doses de nitrogênio via solo e aplicação de silício via foliar na cultura do café arábica
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Data
2016-07-28
Autores
Parecido, Renan José [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na fase inicial da cultura do café arábica (Coffea arabica L.), as exigências nutricionais aumentam rapidamente com a entrada em produção (primeira safra), época em que se deve ter cuidado na nutrição das plantas, pois os cafeeiros produzem muito, ainda com pouca folhagem (baixa relação folha/fruto). O nitrogênio (N) é o nutriente mais exigido pelo cafeeiro. O silício (Si) desempenha diversos efeitos benéficos às plantas, e supõe-se que possa melhorar o aproveitamento do N fornecido. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito da aplicação de Si via foliar e doses de N via solo no crescimento, nutrição e produtividade inicial da cultura do café arábica. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área cultivada com cafeeiro arábica, cultivar Catuaí IAC 99, localizado no município de Manduri-SP, em um solo Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico. Foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro doses de N (0, 75, 150 e 300 kg ha-¹) com presença e ausência de aplicação Si via foliar. A fonte de N utilizada foi o nitrato de amônio. O Si foi aplicado na dose de 2 L ha-¹do produto Silamol®. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de 39 meses após o plantio dos cafeeiros no campo. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou a altura da planta, o número de nós nos ramos plagiotrópicos e colaborou na manutenção do enfolhamento das plantas, na fase de formação da lavoura. A aplicação das maiores doses de N atrasou a maturação dos frutos e incrementou a produtividade e o tamanho dos grãos da cultura do café. Nas duas primeiras safras, a produtividade de grãos beneficiados da cultura do café arábica foi incrementada até doses de N que variaram de 246 a 300 kg ha-¹. A aplicação de Si via foliar proporcionou maior altura das plantas e número de nós nos ramos plagiotrópicos, especialmente na ausência da aplicação de N em cobertura. Na presença das maiores doses de N, o fornecimento de Si via foliar proporcionou maiores teores de N na folha e maior produtividade de grãos na cultura do café arábica.
In the initial phase of the Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), the nutritional requirements increase rapidly with the entry into production phase (first harvest), the time when one should be careful in plant nutrition, because the coffee plants produce a lot, even with little foliage (low leaf/fruit ratio). Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most required by the coffee plant. Silicon (Si) plays various beneficial effects to plants and it is assumed that can improve the use of N provided. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect the foliar application of Si and N rates applied to soil on growth, nutrition and initial bean yield of Arabica coffee crop. The experiment was conducted in an area cultivated with Arabica coffee, cultivar Catuaí IAC 99, located in the municipality of Manduri-SP, in a dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a factorial 4 x 2, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 75, 150, and 300 kg ha-¹) and presence and absence of foliar application of Si. Nitrogen source used was ammonium nitrate. The Si was applied at the rate of 2 L ha-¹ Silamol® product. The experiment was conducted during the period of 39 months after planting of coffee plants in the field. Nitrogen fertilization increased the plant height, number of nodes in plagiotrophycal branches and collaborate in maintenance of leafiness of plants in the crop formation phase. The Application of N rates largest delayed the ripening of the fruit and increased yield and the size of bean of the Arabica coffee crop. In the first two harvests, the hulled green-bean yield of Arabica coffee crop was increased by N rates ranging from 246 to 300 kg ha-¹. The foliar application of Si provided greater plant height and number of nodes in plagiotrophycal, especially in the absence of N fertilization. In the presence of higher N rates, the supply of Si via foliar provided higher concentrations of N in leaf and higher grain yield of Arabica coffee crop.
In the initial phase of the Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), the nutritional requirements increase rapidly with the entry into production phase (first harvest), the time when one should be careful in plant nutrition, because the coffee plants produce a lot, even with little foliage (low leaf/fruit ratio). Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most required by the coffee plant. Silicon (Si) plays various beneficial effects to plants and it is assumed that can improve the use of N provided. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect the foliar application of Si and N rates applied to soil on growth, nutrition and initial bean yield of Arabica coffee crop. The experiment was conducted in an area cultivated with Arabica coffee, cultivar Catuaí IAC 99, located in the municipality of Manduri-SP, in a dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a factorial 4 x 2, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four N rates (0, 75, 150, and 300 kg ha-¹) and presence and absence of foliar application of Si. Nitrogen source used was ammonium nitrate. The Si was applied at the rate of 2 L ha-¹ Silamol® product. The experiment was conducted during the period of 39 months after planting of coffee plants in the field. Nitrogen fertilization increased the plant height, number of nodes in plagiotrophycal branches and collaborate in maintenance of leafiness of plants in the crop formation phase. The Application of N rates largest delayed the ripening of the fruit and increased yield and the size of bean of the Arabica coffee crop. In the first two harvests, the hulled green-bean yield of Arabica coffee crop was increased by N rates ranging from 246 to 300 kg ha-¹. The foliar application of Si provided greater plant height and number of nodes in plagiotrophycal, especially in the absence of N fertilization. In the presence of higher N rates, the supply of Si via foliar provided higher concentrations of N in leaf and higher grain yield of Arabica coffee crop.
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Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Adubação nitrogenada, Adubação silicatada, Nutrição mineral, Desenvolvimento de vegetativo, Produtividade de grãos, Nitrogen fertilization, Silicon fertilization, Mineral nutrition, Vegetative growth, Bean yield