Influência do relevo e da presença de resíduos da colheita florestal no rendimento e na qualidade silvicultural de um sistema de plantio mecanizado
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2016-07-27
Autores
Soler, Rafael Ribeiro [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O plantio de Pinus spp. no Brasil concentra-se principalmente na região sul do país devido às suas condições edafoclimáticas que favorecem seu desenvolvimento. As áreas de plantio de culturas florestais são as mais adversas, inclusive com relevos declivosos onde o cultivo agrícola e/ou pastoril não é o mais recomendado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento operacional de um conjunto plantador, composto por uma escavadora hidráulica com esteiras do modelo 200 D LC1 e um cabeçote Bracke Planter P11.a1, realizando o preparo de solo e o plantio em duas classes de declividade e em duas condições de presença de resíduos e avaliar qualitativamente as mudas plantadas. A área experimental situa-se em Lages, SC, na fazenda Guará pertencente à empresa Klabin, onde foram plantadas mudas de Pinus taeda. O preparo de solo foi realizado por um implemento adaptado, contendo três hastes, na base do cabeçote e o plantio e a irrigação foram realizados pelo cabeçote plantador. Os dados foram coletados conforme o operador realizava o plantio, segundo as indicações da empresa, impossibilitando a casualização dos dados. O delineamento experimental adotado foi classificatório, onde a área do experimento sofreu uma divisão conforme as condições de relevo, ondulado e forte ondulado, e de presença de resíduos. Para efeito de comparação das variáveis, produtividade sem e com abastecimento de mudas no carrossel, foi realizada a ANOVA para o modelo com dois fatores, e, posteriormente, efetuado o teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey a 5% de significância. Para a qualidade silvicultural pós-plantio, foi realizado o teste Qui-quadrado para comparar a distribuição das proporções e o teste de Goodman para contrastes entre e dentro de populações multinomiais. Não houve efeito da interação entre os fatores e nem do relevo, apenas a presença de resíduos se mostrou estatisticamente significativa, obtendo valores de 208 mudas hora-1 para a produtividade com abastecimento e em área com resíduo e 294 mudas hora-1 para a produtividade sem abastecimento e em área sem resíduo. A eficiência operacional durante o estudo foi de 75,13% e a disponibilidade mecânica de 79,6%, valores superiores aos encontrados na bibliografia para operadores inexperientes com o uso deste cabeçote. Quanto aos parâmetros qualitativos, apenas a fixação das mudas obteve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os tratamentos: ondulado sem resíduo e o forte ondulado com resíduo. Esta diferença foi verificada também com as mudas inclinadas, entre os tratamentos forte ondulado com e sem resíduos. A presença de resíduos afetou a produtividade e a fixação das mudas, enquanto que o relevo mais declivoso interferiu na fixação das mudas.
The Pinus spp. planting in Brazil concetrates principally in the South of the country because of the soil and climatic conditions favor its development. The areas of the forestry plantations are the most adverse, inclusively with steep reliefs where the agricultural and/or pastoral cultivation are not the most recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of a planter group, composed of a hydraulic excavator with belts model 200 D LC and a Bracke Planter P11.a head, performing the soil preparation and the planting in two slope classes and in two conditions of presence of slash, besides of to evaluate in a qualitative way the planted seedlings.The experimental area is located in Lages, state of Santa Catarina, in a farm called Guará, which belongs to the company Klabin, and where it was planted Pinus taeda seedlings.The soil preparation was realized by an adapted implement having three rods on the basis of the head, and the planting and the irrigation were performed by the planter head.The data were collected while the operator performed the planting, according to the company directions, what made impossible the data casualization. The experimental design adopted was qualifying, where the experimental area suffered a division according to the relief conditions: wavy, strong wavy, and presence of slash. By comparison of the variables, productivity with and without filling of seedlings on the carousel, it was performed the ANOVA for the model with two factors and, afterwards, made the multiple comparison test of Tukey at 5% of significance. For the post-plantation silvicultural quality, it was realized the Chi-square test to compare the distribution of proportions and the Goodman Test for contrasts between and within multinomial populations. There was no effect of the interaction between the factors and neither of the relief, only the presence of slash was statistically significant, resulting in values of 208 seedlings hour-1 for the productivity with filling and in area with slash, and 294 seedlings hour-1 for the productivity without filling and area without slash.The operational efficiency during the study was 75.13% and the mechanical availability of 79.6%, higher values than those found in the literature for inexperienced operators with the use of this head. About the qualitative parameters, just the seedlings fixation showed a significant statistically difference between the treatments wavy without slash and the strong wavy with slash. This difference was also verified with the inclined seedlings, between the treatments strong wavy with and without slash. The presence of slash affected the productivity and the seedlings fixation, while the steeper relief interfered on the seedlings fixation.
The Pinus spp. planting in Brazil concetrates principally in the South of the country because of the soil and climatic conditions favor its development. The areas of the forestry plantations are the most adverse, inclusively with steep reliefs where the agricultural and/or pastoral cultivation are not the most recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of a planter group, composed of a hydraulic excavator with belts model 200 D LC and a Bracke Planter P11.a head, performing the soil preparation and the planting in two slope classes and in two conditions of presence of slash, besides of to evaluate in a qualitative way the planted seedlings.The experimental area is located in Lages, state of Santa Catarina, in a farm called Guará, which belongs to the company Klabin, and where it was planted Pinus taeda seedlings.The soil preparation was realized by an adapted implement having three rods on the basis of the head, and the planting and the irrigation were performed by the planter head.The data were collected while the operator performed the planting, according to the company directions, what made impossible the data casualization. The experimental design adopted was qualifying, where the experimental area suffered a division according to the relief conditions: wavy, strong wavy, and presence of slash. By comparison of the variables, productivity with and without filling of seedlings on the carousel, it was performed the ANOVA for the model with two factors and, afterwards, made the multiple comparison test of Tukey at 5% of significance. For the post-plantation silvicultural quality, it was realized the Chi-square test to compare the distribution of proportions and the Goodman Test for contrasts between and within multinomial populations. There was no effect of the interaction between the factors and neither of the relief, only the presence of slash was statistically significant, resulting in values of 208 seedlings hour-1 for the productivity with filling and in area with slash, and 294 seedlings hour-1 for the productivity without filling and area without slash.The operational efficiency during the study was 75.13% and the mechanical availability of 79.6%, higher values than those found in the literature for inexperienced operators with the use of this head. About the qualitative parameters, just the seedlings fixation showed a significant statistically difference between the treatments wavy without slash and the strong wavy with slash. This difference was also verified with the inclined seedlings, between the treatments strong wavy with and without slash. The presence of slash affected the productivity and the seedlings fixation, while the steeper relief interfered on the seedlings fixation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pinus taeda, Mecanização florestal, Arborização, Silvicultura, Forestry mechanization, Afforestation