Estudo do potencial contaminante do Cemitério Jardim, Botucatu - SP
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Data
2016-07-25
Autores
Rocha, Luis Augusto Gomes [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A expansão urbana acarreta a necessidade de mitigações ambientais, em que um planejamento do uso do solo bem como seu processo de ocupação traz a necessidade também de estudos para viabilizar tais ações. Nesse processo de expansão, os cemitérios necessitam de maior atenção, visto que estudos dessas áreas já evidenciaram indícios de contaminações no solo. Atualmente, é consenso que atividades de sepultamento são responsáveis pela contaminação do solo e aquíferos subterrâneos através da percolação do necrochorume. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as concentrações dos metais pesados cobre, cromo, zinco e chumbo no solo de três tipos de áreas presentes no cemitério: zona com sepultamento, área sem atividades cemiteriais e fragmento florestal. Para o objetivo, foram efetuadas coletas de solo através de tradagens em nove pontos e seis profundidades. Para determinação da concentração dos metais, foi utilizado espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, no Centro de Assistência Toxicológica (CEATOX), do IB/UNESP. Os valores obtidos foram comparados aos valores de referência propostos pela CONAMA nº420/2009. Com os resultados obtidos, constatou-se que nenhum dos pontos amostrados apresentou concentração acima dos valores estipulados, porém foi possível visualizar acúmulo dos metais na área onde existe atividade cemiterial e estabelecer sua relação com o fluxo superficial e sub-superficial da água. O fato de o local de estudo possuir uma área com fragmento florestal a jusante permitiu correlacionar as interações dos metais cobre e zinco em comparação com a área com sepultamentos.
Urban expansion engenders the need for environmental mitigation, in which planning the processes of land use and cover generates the need of studies to enable such actions. In that expansion process, it is imperative that more attention is paid to cemeteries, since studies in the area have already evidenced soil contamination. There is currently a consensus that burial activity is responsible for soil and aquifer contamination through cemetery leachate percolation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the concentration of four heavy metals (copper, chromium, zinc, and lead) in three different types of area found in the cemetery: the burial grounds, an area with no cemeterial activity, and a forest fragment. To achieve that objective, soil samples were collected through boreholes in nine areas and six depths. The metal concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) at the Toxicology Assistance Center (Centro de Assistência Toxicológica, or CEATOX) in the IB/UNESP campus. The values obtained were then compared to the reference values used by the National Environment Council (CONAMA) nº420/2009. The final results showed that none of the samples had concentrations higher than the established values; however, it was possible to identify a higher concentration of the metals in the burial grounds and to determine its connection to the surface and subsurface water flow. As the study environment has a forest fragment downstream, it was posible to correlate the copper and zinc interactions in comparison to the burial grounds.
Urban expansion engenders the need for environmental mitigation, in which planning the processes of land use and cover generates the need of studies to enable such actions. In that expansion process, it is imperative that more attention is paid to cemeteries, since studies in the area have already evidenced soil contamination. There is currently a consensus that burial activity is responsible for soil and aquifer contamination through cemetery leachate percolation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the concentration of four heavy metals (copper, chromium, zinc, and lead) in three different types of area found in the cemetery: the burial grounds, an area with no cemeterial activity, and a forest fragment. To achieve that objective, soil samples were collected through boreholes in nine areas and six depths. The metal concentrations were determined through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) at the Toxicology Assistance Center (Centro de Assistência Toxicológica, or CEATOX) in the IB/UNESP campus. The values obtained were then compared to the reference values used by the National Environment Council (CONAMA) nº420/2009. The final results showed that none of the samples had concentrations higher than the established values; however, it was possible to identify a higher concentration of the metals in the burial grounds and to determine its connection to the surface and subsurface water flow. As the study environment has a forest fragment downstream, it was posible to correlate the copper and zinc interactions in comparison to the burial grounds.
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Palavras-chave
Cemitério, Necrochorume, Cobre, Zinco, Chumbo, Fragmento florestal, Cemetery, Cemetery Leachate, Copper, Zinc, Lead