Desenvolvimento da grama bermuda Tifway em diferentes manejos de irrigação e de adubação
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Data
2016-08-09
Autores
Andrade, Thomas Fiore de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em gramados esportivos a aplicação de fertilizantes é frequente e em altas quantidades durante todo ano, principalmente devido aos frequentes cortes realizados e consequentemente à significativa extração de nutrientes. Atualmente a recomendação da adubação e da irrigação em gramados é subjetiva e baseia-se na experiência dos profissionais e no aspecto visual, o que aumenta muito as chances de erro. Por isso há necessidade de se desenvolver ferramentas e estudar o desenvolvimento do gramado para gerar informações que possam dar o respaldo científico para o profissional fazer as corretas recomendações. Objetivou-se com este trabalho gerar informações técnicas que possam contribuir na recomendação da adubação e no manejo da irrigação e comprovar a possibilidade ou não do uso de extratores de solução do solo em gramados esportivos, técnica já bastante utilizada na fertirrigação. O experimento foi realizado na FCA/UNESP, em Botucatu, onde foram utilizados dois manejos de irrigação, quatro doses de nitrogênio e duas doses de potássio. Os efeitos desses tratamentos sobre o desenvolvimento da grama bermuda Tifway (Cynodon dactylon X Cynodon transvaalensis) foram analisados e relacionados com os teores de nutrientes nas folhas, solo e solução do solo (coletada através de extratores de solução). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas e 4 repetições. Durante seis meses foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: análise química do solo, análise da solução do solo, análise foliar, análises do desenvolvimento do gramado e avaliações da qualidade do gramado. O monitoramento da concentração de nutrientes na solução do solo com a utilização de extratores de cápsula porosa se mostrou eficiente para detectar as doses de nitrogênio e potássio aplicadas; a concentração de nitrogênio e potássio na folha, o índice de cor verde e o desenvolvimento do gramado foram maiores conforme aumentou-se as doses de nitrogênio, porém não houve resposta a doses acima de 562,5 kg ha-1 ano-1; a dose de 112,5 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K2O foi suficiente para manter um gramado bem desenvolvido e com boa coloração verde; a irrigação realizada 3 vezes por semana apresentou teores de nitrogênio e potássio maiores na solução do solo a 10 cm de profundidade em relação à irrigação diária e também promoveu melhor desenvolvimento do gramado.
In sports turfgrass the fertilization is frequent and at high levels, mainly due to frequent mowing and consequently significant nutrient export. Currently the fertilization and irrigation recommendation on turfgrass is subjected and is based on the experience of the professionals and on the visual aspect, which greatly increases the chances of error. So there is a need to develop tools and to study the development of the turfgrass to produce information that can give professionals the support to make the correct recommendation. Therefore, this work was aimed to generate technical information that may contribute to the fertilizer and irrigation management and prove or not the possibility of porous cup extractors on turfgrass, which is a widely used technique in fertigation. The research project was conducted at FCA/UNESP in Botucatu where two irrigation managements, four nitrogen and two potassium rates were used. The effects of these treatments on the development of the Tifway bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon X Cynodon transvaalensis) were analyzed and related with foliar, soil and soil solution analysis. The experimental design was randomized block with split plots and four replications. During six months the following assessments was undertaken: soil, foliar and soil solution analysis, and turfgrass development and qualitity analyses. Monitoring the concentration of nutrients in the soil solution using porous capsule extractors was efficient to detect the nitrogen and potassium rates; the concentration of nitrogen and potassium in leaf, green color index and the development of the turfgrass were better as the nitrogen rate was increased, but there was no response to rates above 562,5 kg ha-1 year-1 of N; the rate of 112,5 kg ha-1 year-1 of K2O was enough to keep a well-developed lawn and with good color; irrigation made 3 times a week had higher levels of nitrogen and potassium in the soil solution at 10 cm depth compared to daily irrigation and also promoted better development of the turfgrass.
In sports turfgrass the fertilization is frequent and at high levels, mainly due to frequent mowing and consequently significant nutrient export. Currently the fertilization and irrigation recommendation on turfgrass is subjected and is based on the experience of the professionals and on the visual aspect, which greatly increases the chances of error. So there is a need to develop tools and to study the development of the turfgrass to produce information that can give professionals the support to make the correct recommendation. Therefore, this work was aimed to generate technical information that may contribute to the fertilizer and irrigation management and prove or not the possibility of porous cup extractors on turfgrass, which is a widely used technique in fertigation. The research project was conducted at FCA/UNESP in Botucatu where two irrigation managements, four nitrogen and two potassium rates were used. The effects of these treatments on the development of the Tifway bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon X Cynodon transvaalensis) were analyzed and related with foliar, soil and soil solution analysis. The experimental design was randomized block with split plots and four replications. During six months the following assessments was undertaken: soil, foliar and soil solution analysis, and turfgrass development and qualitity analyses. Monitoring the concentration of nutrients in the soil solution using porous capsule extractors was efficient to detect the nitrogen and potassium rates; the concentration of nitrogen and potassium in leaf, green color index and the development of the turfgrass were better as the nitrogen rate was increased, but there was no response to rates above 562,5 kg ha-1 year-1 of N; the rate of 112,5 kg ha-1 year-1 of K2O was enough to keep a well-developed lawn and with good color; irrigation made 3 times a week had higher levels of nitrogen and potassium in the soil solution at 10 cm depth compared to daily irrigation and also promoted better development of the turfgrass.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Gramados esportivos, Tifton 419, Adubação nitrogenada, Adubação potássica, Extrator de solução, Sports field, Nitrogen fertilization, Potassium fertilization, Extractors of soil solution