Inoculação de Pseudomonas via semente e eficiência agronômica de fosfatos na cultura do milho
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Data
2016-09-09
Autores
Zamariolli, Luís Eduardo Rissato [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os solos de regiões tropicais necessitam da aplicação de altas doses de fertilizantes fosfatados, cuja utilização é limitada pelo custo. Fosfatos naturais podem ser uma alternativa interessante, porém apresentam baixa solubilidade. A utilização de microorganismos solubilizadores pode aumentar a solubilidade desses fosfatos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da inoculação das bactérias Pseudomonas fluorescens e Pseudomonas SB via semente, associadas a fontes de baixa solubilidade de fósforo, no desenvolvimento e componentes de produtividade do milho. Foram implantados dois experimentos de campo, em um Argissolo vermelho amarelo distrófico arênico no município de Pompéia (SP), na safra 2014. No experimento 1 o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, num esquema fatorial 3 x 3 +1, envolvendo fontes de fósforo (sem fósforo, fosfato de Arad, apatita), microorganismos (sem inoculação, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas SB) e um tratamento adicional (superfosfato triplo), com solo corrigido com calcário. No experimento 2, o delineamento experimental foi o mesmo, num esquema fatorial 2 x 3, envolvendo fontes de fósforo (apatita, fosfato de Arad) e microorganismos (sem inoculação, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas SB), com o solo sem correção de acidez. As variáveis analisadas foram: teor de fósforo na folha, altura da planta e diâmetro do colmo (no florescimento), comprimento da espiga, diâmetro da espiga, número de fileira de grãos por espiga, número de grãos por fileira, número de grãos por espiga, massa de 100 grãos, produtividade, teor de fósforo no grão e índice de eficiência agronômica dos fosfatos. No experimento 1, a inoculação não promoveu alterações na altura da planta e diâmetro do colmo. Para teor de fósforo na folha a inoculação com Pseudomonas SB promoveu aumento no teor de fósforo foliar quando não foi utilizada nenhuma fonte de fósforo. Para as variáveis de produção, a inoculação com Pseudomonas fluorescens aumentou o diâmetro da espiga e número de fileira de grãos quando associada com apatita e o número de grãos por espiga. A inoculação com Pseudomonas fluorescens aumentou a produtividade em relação a inoculação com Pseudomonas SB, porém não diferiu das plantas que não receberam inoculação. A associação de Pseudomonas fluorescens com apatita e fosfato de Arad aumentou o teor de fósforo no grão. No experimento 2, a inoculação com Pseudomonas SB proporcionou um decréscimo na altura da planta e diâmetro do colmo em relação às plantas inoculadas com Pseudomonas fluorescens e aumento no teor de fósforo no grão em relação às inoculadas com Pseudomonas fluorescens e não inoculadas e adubadas com apatita.
Tropical soils require the application of high doses of phosphate fertilizers, whichusageis limited by cost.Natural phosphates can be an interesting alternative, but exhibit low solubility.The use of solubilizing microorganisms can increase the solubility of these phosphates.The objective of this paper wastoevaluate the effects of Pseudomonas fluorescensandPseudomonas SBbacteriainoculationon seed, associated with sources of low solubilityphosphorus, on the development and productivity components of maize.Two field experiments were conducted in a yellow Paleudalf in the city of Pompeia (SP), in 2014. In experiment 1 the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a factorial 3 x 3 + 1, involving phosphorus sources (without phosphorus, Arad phosphate, apatite), microorganisms (without inoculation,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pseudomonas SB)and an additional treatment (triple superphosphate) with soil acidity adjusted with lime.In experiment 2, the experimental design was the same, in a factorial 2 x 3, involving phosphorus sources (apatite, Arad phosphate) and microorganisms (without inoculation,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pseudomonas SB),without soil acidity adjustment.The variables analyzed were: phosphorus content in the leaf, the plant height and stem diameter (at flowering), ear length, ear diameter, row number of grains per ear, number of kernels per row, number of grains per ear, weight of 100 grains, productivity, phosphorus content in grain and phosphate agronomic efficiency.In experiment 1, inoculation did not change the height of the plant and stem diameter.For phosphorus content in the leaf, the inoculation with Pseudomonas SB promoted increase in leaf phosphorus content when it was not used any source of phosphorus.For production variables, inoculation withPseudomonas fluorescensincreased the ear diameter and row number of grains when associated with apatite and the number of grains per ear.Inoculation withPseudomonas fluorescensincreased productivity compared to inoculation withPseudomonas SB,but did not differ from plants that received no inoculation.Pseudomonas fluorescensassociation with apatite and Arad phosphate increased the phosphorus content in the grain.In experiment 2, inoculation withPseudomonas SBprovided a decrease in plant height and stem diameter compared to plants inoculated withPseudomonas fluorescensand increased phosphorus content in the grain compared to plants inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and not inoculated and fertilized with apatite.
Tropical soils require the application of high doses of phosphate fertilizers, whichusageis limited by cost.Natural phosphates can be an interesting alternative, but exhibit low solubility.The use of solubilizing microorganisms can increase the solubility of these phosphates.The objective of this paper wastoevaluate the effects of Pseudomonas fluorescensandPseudomonas SBbacteriainoculationon seed, associated with sources of low solubilityphosphorus, on the development and productivity components of maize.Two field experiments were conducted in a yellow Paleudalf in the city of Pompeia (SP), in 2014. In experiment 1 the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a factorial 3 x 3 + 1, involving phosphorus sources (without phosphorus, Arad phosphate, apatite), microorganisms (without inoculation,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pseudomonas SB)and an additional treatment (triple superphosphate) with soil acidity adjusted with lime.In experiment 2, the experimental design was the same, in a factorial 2 x 3, involving phosphorus sources (apatite, Arad phosphate) and microorganisms (without inoculation,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Pseudomonas SB),without soil acidity adjustment.The variables analyzed were: phosphorus content in the leaf, the plant height and stem diameter (at flowering), ear length, ear diameter, row number of grains per ear, number of kernels per row, number of grains per ear, weight of 100 grains, productivity, phosphorus content in grain and phosphate agronomic efficiency.In experiment 1, inoculation did not change the height of the plant and stem diameter.For phosphorus content in the leaf, the inoculation with Pseudomonas SB promoted increase in leaf phosphorus content when it was not used any source of phosphorus.For production variables, inoculation withPseudomonas fluorescensincreased the ear diameter and row number of grains when associated with apatite and the number of grains per ear.Inoculation withPseudomonas fluorescensincreased productivity compared to inoculation withPseudomonas SB,but did not differ from plants that received no inoculation.Pseudomonas fluorescensassociation with apatite and Arad phosphate increased the phosphorus content in the grain.In experiment 2, inoculation withPseudomonas SBprovided a decrease in plant height and stem diameter compared to plants inoculated withPseudomonas fluorescensand increased phosphorus content in the grain compared to plants inoculated with Pseudomonas fluorescens and not inoculated and fertilized with apatite.
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Palavras-chave
Fósforo, Inoculação, Solubilização, Microorganismos, Phosphorus, Inoculation, Microorganisms, Solubilization