Efeito do zoledronato sobre o processo de reparo alveolar: estudo envolvendo os principais fatores de risco para a osteonecrose dos maxilares e avaliação da terapia com laser em baixa intensidade e terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana como propostas preventivas
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Data
2016-08-30
Autores
Statkievicz, Cristian [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar o efeito da terapia com laser em baixa intensidade (LLLT) e da terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT) no processo de reparo alveolar de ratas com os principais fatores de risco para a osteonecrose dos maxilares associada à terapia medicamentosa (ONM-M). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Ratas senis (n=29) foram distribuídas nos grupos: SAL, ZOL, ZOL/LLLT e ZOL/aPDT. Durante sete semanas, a cada dois dias, administrou-se pela via intraperitoneal 0,45ml de NaCl 0,9% (SAL) ou 0,45ml desta mesma solução acrescida de 100μg/Kg de zoledronato (ZOL, ZOL/LLLT e ZOL/aPDT). Decorridas três semanas, realizou-se a exodontia do primeiro molar inferior esquerdo. Nos grupos ZOL/LLLT e ZOL/aPDT as ratas foram submetidas respectivamente a LLLT ou aPDT aos 0, 2 e 4 dias pós exodontia. A eutanásia foi realizada 28 dias após a exodontia. No sítio de extração dental foram realizadas análises: histopatológica do processo de reparação tecidual, histométrica da área de tecido ósseo neoformado (ATO) e imunoistoquímica direcionada para os seguintes biomarcadores: PCNA, BAX, C3C, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, BMP2/4, RUNX-2, OCN, OPG, RANKL e TRAP. RESULTADOS: Os grupos tratados com zoledronato apresentaram maior imunomarcação para OPG e menor imunomarcação para RANKL e TRAP. Em ZOL observou-se áreas de osteonecrose, comprometimento da reparação tecidual, menor ATO, menor imunomarcação para PCNA, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, BMP2/4 e OCN, e maior imunomarcação para BAX, C3C, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 e RUNX-2 em relação ao SAL. ZOL/LLLT apresentou melhora em alguns parâmetros em relação ao ZOL (ATO, PCNA, TNFα, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31 e RUNX-2), no entanto, poucos foram os parâmetros que se igualaram ao SAL (PCNA, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31 e RUNX-2). ZOL/aPDT não apresentou áreas de osteonecrose, o processo de reparação tecidual não diferiu significativamente de SAL, assim como, os seguintes parâmetros ATO, PCNA, BAX, C3C, IL-1β, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, RUNX-2 e OCN. CONCLUSÕES: O zoledronato compromete o processo de reparação tecidual do sítio de extração dental em ratas com os principais fatores de risco para a ONM-M. LLLT e aPDT são capazes de melhorar eventos relacionados com o processo de reparo alveolar. A aPDT se mostrou a terapia preventiva mais efetiva para evitar a ONM-M. RELEVÂNCIA CLÍNICA: A aPDT pode se constituir em uma alternativa de terapia preventiva para evitar o desencadeamento de ONM-M pós exodontia.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the alveolar bone repair in rats with the high risk factors for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Senile rats (n = 29) were distributed into four groups: SAL, ZOL, ZOL/LLLT and ZOL/aPDT. For seven weeks, every two days, 0,45ml 0.9% NaCl (SAL) or 0,45ml of this same solution plus 100μg/kg zoledronate (ZOL, ZOL/LLLT and ZOL/aPDT) were administered intraperitoneally. After three weeks, the first lower left molar was extracted. In ZOL/LLLT and ZOL/aPDT groups, the rats were submitted to LLLT or aPDT therapy at 0, 2 and 4 days after tooth extraction. Euthanasia was performed 28 days after tooth extraction. In dental extraction site was performed the histopathology analysis of the tissue repair, histometric analysis of newly formed bone area (NFB) and immunohistochemistry related to the following biomarkers: PCNA, BAX, C3C, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, BMP2/4, RUNX-2, OCN, OPG, RANKL and TRAP. RESULTS: The groups treated with zoledronate showed higher immunolabeling for OPG and lower immunolabeling for RANKL and TRAP. In ZOL group was observed areas of osteonecrosis, impairment of wound healing, lower ATO, lower immunolabeling for PCNA, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, BMP2/4 and OCN, and higher immunolabeling for BAX, C3C, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and RUNX-2 when compared to the SAL group. ZOL/LLLT showed improvement in some parameters regarding to ZOL (ATO, PCNA, TNFα, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31 and RUNX-2), however, few parameters were similar to the SAL (PCNA, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31 and RUNX-2). ZOL/aPDT did not present areas of osteonecrosis and the tissue repair did not differ significantly from the SAL groups, as well as the following parameters: PCNA, BAX, C3C, IL-1β, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, RUNX-2 and OCN. CONCLUSIONS: The zoledronate compromises the tissue repair of dental extraction site in rats with the high risk factors for MRONJ. LLLT and aPDT were able to improved the events related to wound's healing. The aPDT showed to be the most effective preventive therapy to MRONJ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The aPDT can be in a preventive therapy to prevent the triggering of MRONJ after dental extraction.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the alveolar bone repair in rats with the high risk factors for Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Senile rats (n = 29) were distributed into four groups: SAL, ZOL, ZOL/LLLT and ZOL/aPDT. For seven weeks, every two days, 0,45ml 0.9% NaCl (SAL) or 0,45ml of this same solution plus 100μg/kg zoledronate (ZOL, ZOL/LLLT and ZOL/aPDT) were administered intraperitoneally. After three weeks, the first lower left molar was extracted. In ZOL/LLLT and ZOL/aPDT groups, the rats were submitted to LLLT or aPDT therapy at 0, 2 and 4 days after tooth extraction. Euthanasia was performed 28 days after tooth extraction. In dental extraction site was performed the histopathology analysis of the tissue repair, histometric analysis of newly formed bone area (NFB) and immunohistochemistry related to the following biomarkers: PCNA, BAX, C3C, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, BMP2/4, RUNX-2, OCN, OPG, RANKL and TRAP. RESULTS: The groups treated with zoledronate showed higher immunolabeling for OPG and lower immunolabeling for RANKL and TRAP. In ZOL group was observed areas of osteonecrosis, impairment of wound healing, lower ATO, lower immunolabeling for PCNA, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, BMP2/4 and OCN, and higher immunolabeling for BAX, C3C, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and RUNX-2 when compared to the SAL group. ZOL/LLLT showed improvement in some parameters regarding to ZOL (ATO, PCNA, TNFα, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31 and RUNX-2), however, few parameters were similar to the SAL (PCNA, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31 and RUNX-2). ZOL/aPDT did not present areas of osteonecrosis and the tissue repair did not differ significantly from the SAL groups, as well as the following parameters: PCNA, BAX, C3C, IL-1β, HIF-1α, VEGF, CD31, RUNX-2 and OCN. CONCLUSIONS: The zoledronate compromises the tissue repair of dental extraction site in rats with the high risk factors for MRONJ. LLLT and aPDT were able to improved the events related to wound's healing. The aPDT showed to be the most effective preventive therapy to MRONJ. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The aPDT can be in a preventive therapy to prevent the triggering of MRONJ after dental extraction.
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Palavras-chave
Osteonecrose, Arcada ósseodentária, Difosfonatos, Fotoquimioterapia, Bisphosphonates, Osteonecrosis, Jaw, Laser, Photochemotherapy