Proposta de matriz de maturidade para avaliação de elementos relativos à gestão ambiental em empresas industriais
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Data
2016-10-18
Autores
Reis, Thalita Láua [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Buscando melhor reputação diante da sociedade, vantagem competitiva, qualidade nos seus produtos, redução dos custos de produção e eficiência, as empresas industriais têm desenvolvido a consciência ambiental por meio de sistemas de gestão ambientais, certificações de normas ISO, sistema de produção mais limpa, desenvolvimento de produtos ambientalmente sustentáveis, sistemas de cadeia de gestão de suprimentos verdes, avaliação do ciclo de vida, entre outros. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma matriz de maturidade para avaliar o nível de desenvolvimento dos elementos relativos à gestão ambiental em empresas industriais, visando gerar subsídios para que elas possam priorizar e desenvolver ações ambientais. Em se tratando dos métodos utilizados, trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, quando analisado em relação à sua natureza. Sob o ponto de vista da abordagem do problema, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quanto aos objetivos é classificada como uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva. Quanto ao procedimento trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, desenvolvida por um levantamento bibliográfico seguido de uma proposta teórica, a qual foi testada posteriormente. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os elementos relativos à gestão ambiental e modelos de maturidade foi desenvolvida a fim de estabelecer o referencial teórico desse trabalho. Realizou-se também uma análise bibliométrica sobre modelos de maturidade a fim de identificar principais artigos, autores e gaps científicos para auxiliar na pesquisa. Em seguida foram determinados os princípios de cada elemento relativo à gestão ambiental por meio da literatura, a fim de formular a matriz de maturidade proposta neste trabalho. A matriz de maturidade foi analisada por dois especialistas da área ambiental, um pesquisador e um gerente, a fim de identificar oportunidades de melhorias na mesma. Após a análise ela foi testada em uma empresa industrial a fim de identificar sua aplicabilidade, obtendo êxito, uma vez que a partir da avaliação feita com a matriz proposta pode ser identificado o grau de maturidade no qual a empresa se encontra com relação aos elementos da gestão ambiental.
In their search for better reputation before society, competitive advantage, product quality, reduction of the production costs and efficiency, industrial companies have been developing environmental awareness through environmental management systems, ISO certification, cleaner production systems, development of environmentally sustainable products, green supply chain management systems, evaluation of the life cycle, to name only a few. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a maturity matrix for assessing the development level of elements related to environmental management in industrial companies, so it would support them in prioritizing and developing environmental actions. In terms of the study's method, this work is considered an applied research in relation to its nature, while, from the perspective of the problem approach, it could be defined as a qualitative research. Concerning the objective, it is classified as an exploratory and descriptive research, whereas it may be described as a basic research regarding the procedure, being developed by means of a literature review followed by a theoretical proposal, which has been tested later. A literature review on the elements relating to environmental management and maturity models was developed in order to establish the theoretical framework of this work. A bibliometric analysis of maturity models has been also performed to identify key articles and authors, besides the subject's scientific gaps, to support the research. Next, each one of the elements' principles regarding environmental management has been determined with the help of the extant literature, in order to formulate the maturity matrix proposed in this work. The maturity matrix was then analyzed by two experts in the environmental area, a researcher and a manager, in order to identify improvement opportunities. Hereafter, it was tested at an industrial company to verify its applicability, which could be claimed as successful, since the assessment performed with the proposed matrix was able to identify the company's maturity degree with respect to the elements of environmental management.
In their search for better reputation before society, competitive advantage, product quality, reduction of the production costs and efficiency, industrial companies have been developing environmental awareness through environmental management systems, ISO certification, cleaner production systems, development of environmentally sustainable products, green supply chain management systems, evaluation of the life cycle, to name only a few. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a maturity matrix for assessing the development level of elements related to environmental management in industrial companies, so it would support them in prioritizing and developing environmental actions. In terms of the study's method, this work is considered an applied research in relation to its nature, while, from the perspective of the problem approach, it could be defined as a qualitative research. Concerning the objective, it is classified as an exploratory and descriptive research, whereas it may be described as a basic research regarding the procedure, being developed by means of a literature review followed by a theoretical proposal, which has been tested later. A literature review on the elements relating to environmental management and maturity models was developed in order to establish the theoretical framework of this work. A bibliometric analysis of maturity models has been also performed to identify key articles and authors, besides the subject's scientific gaps, to support the research. Next, each one of the elements' principles regarding environmental management has been determined with the help of the extant literature, in order to formulate the maturity matrix proposed in this work. The maturity matrix was then analyzed by two experts in the environmental area, a researcher and a manager, in order to identify improvement opportunities. Hereafter, it was tested at an industrial company to verify its applicability, which could be claimed as successful, since the assessment performed with the proposed matrix was able to identify the company's maturity degree with respect to the elements of environmental management.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Matriz de maturidade, Sistema de Gestão Ambiental – ISO 14001, Produção mais limpa, Eco design, Gestão Verde da Cadeia de Suprimentos, Avaliação do ciclo de vida, Maturity model, Environmental Management System – ISO 14001, Cleaner production, Eco design, Green Supply Chain Management, Life cycle assessment