A experiência do aprender no ensino de filosofia por entre signos e afectos
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Data
2016-02-15
Autores
Pinto, Silmara Cristiane [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pensar a possibilidade de uma experiência filosófica no aprendizado da filosofia envolve, de início, perguntar pelas características dessa experiência, ou seja, no que consiste a aprendizagem filosófica. Diante dessa questão, é preciso considerar também a conjuntura para a qual a filosofia e seu ensino convergem. Nesse sentido, observamos que o pressuposto da transmissão de conhecimentos no ensino, se apresenta como fator determinante à experiência de formação escolar, cujo aprendizado se confunde com a assimilação e a reprodução de conceitos, e o ensino com a explicação de conteúdos articulados segundo um conjunto de saberes pré-estabelecidos. Conforme a tese defendida por Gilles Deleuze em Diferença e Repetição (2006) verifica-se que as imagens do pensamento enquanto representações pré-filosóficas constituem os problemas fundamentais relacionados à debilidade da criação conceitual nos planos de imanência da filosofia. Assim, entendemos que explicação mecânica de conteúdos no ensino, também denota um modo de transmitir representações, gerando implicações adversas para o devir filosófico da aprendizagem. Tendo em vista esse tênue encadeamento entre ensino e aprendizado, buscamos problematizar nesta pesquisa, em que medida o ensino pode ou não constituir um campo potente para o aprender face uma experimentação filosófica do pensamento. Para tanto, Jacques Rancière (2002) foi um autor que nos permitiu enunciar essa problemática, à medida que apresenta um limite significativo entre aquilo que o mestre ensina e aquilo que o aluno é capaz aprender sem as suas mediações. O primeiro enfoque deste trabalho consistiu, portanto, em introduzir um campo problemático sobre o ensino, com base na aventura intelectual de Jacotot, personagem simbólico d’O mestre Ignorante. Na sequência, procuramos perguntar o que caracteriza uma experiência de aprendizagem filosófica, e quais as possibilidades de sua efetuação, apesar da proeminência da recognição e da representação no ensino de Filosofia. Tratar tais questões nos colocou em correspondência com o pensamento deleuziano, especialmente com a obra Proust e os Signos (2003), no que diz respeito ao afecto e aos signos como matéria do aprendizado. De forma concomitante, o encontro com Clarice Lispector foi o passe final que nos permitiu estabelecer, no diálogo entre literatura e filosofia, intercessores para pensar o aprendizado na direção dos encontros, ou melhor, sob disparações do desconhecido e sobre as entrelinhas da invenção artística e filosófica. A aprendizagem enquanto desdobramento da potência transformadora do signo foi, portanto, o ponto de vista através do qual pudemos indicar as respostas ou os caminhos decisivos deste trabalho.
To think the possibility of a philosophical experience in the learning of philosophy involves, firstly, to question the characteristics of this experience, in other words, in what could be conceived as philosophical learning? From this question, is needed to consider as well the conjecture to which the philosophy and it’s philosophical learning converge. In this sense, we observed that the assumption of knowledge transmission is presented as a determining factor in the experience of scholarly formation, which the learning is conflated with the assimilation and the reproduction of concepts, and the teaching with the a explanation of the contentes articulateds according to a set of pre-established knowledge. In accordance to the thesis defended by Gilles Deleuze in Difference and Repetition (2006), turn out that the images of thought as pre-philosophical representations constitute the fundamental problems related to the debility of the conceptual creation in plans of immanence of the philosophy. Thus, we understand that mechanical explanation of the contents in education, also denotes a way of transmitting representations, generanting adverse implications for the philosophical learning moviment. Having in sight this tenuous enchainment between teaching and learning, we seek to discuss in this research, in which extent the teaching may or may not constitute a potent field to the learning face to a philosophical experimentation of thought. For this purpose, Jacques Rancière (2002), was an author who allowed us to formulate this problem, as it shows a significant boundary between what the teacher teaches and what the student is able to learn without their mediations. First focus of this work, consisted, therefore, in the introdution a problematic field of education, based on the intellectual adventure of Jacotot, a symbolic persona of The Ignorant schoolmaster. In the sequence, we seek to investigated what could possibly characterize a philosophical learning experience, and what are the possibilities of its effectuation, despite the prominence of recognition and representation in the teaching of philosophy. Treating these issues connected us with Deleuzian's thought, especially with the book named Proust and Signs (2003), regarding to affection and the signs as matter of the learning. In the same way, the encounteurs of Clarice Lispector was the final step which allowed us to establish, in the dialogue between literature and philosophy, intercessors to think the learning in the direction of the encounteurs or better, under disparations to the unknown and on the interlines of artistic invention and philosophical. The learning as unfolding of the transforming pontential of the sign was, therefore, the point of view through which we could indicate the answers or the critical paths of this work.
To think the possibility of a philosophical experience in the learning of philosophy involves, firstly, to question the characteristics of this experience, in other words, in what could be conceived as philosophical learning? From this question, is needed to consider as well the conjecture to which the philosophy and it’s philosophical learning converge. In this sense, we observed that the assumption of knowledge transmission is presented as a determining factor in the experience of scholarly formation, which the learning is conflated with the assimilation and the reproduction of concepts, and the teaching with the a explanation of the contentes articulateds according to a set of pre-established knowledge. In accordance to the thesis defended by Gilles Deleuze in Difference and Repetition (2006), turn out that the images of thought as pre-philosophical representations constitute the fundamental problems related to the debility of the conceptual creation in plans of immanence of the philosophy. Thus, we understand that mechanical explanation of the contents in education, also denotes a way of transmitting representations, generanting adverse implications for the philosophical learning moviment. Having in sight this tenuous enchainment between teaching and learning, we seek to discuss in this research, in which extent the teaching may or may not constitute a potent field to the learning face to a philosophical experimentation of thought. For this purpose, Jacques Rancière (2002), was an author who allowed us to formulate this problem, as it shows a significant boundary between what the teacher teaches and what the student is able to learn without their mediations. First focus of this work, consisted, therefore, in the introdution a problematic field of education, based on the intellectual adventure of Jacotot, a symbolic persona of The Ignorant schoolmaster. In the sequence, we seek to investigated what could possibly characterize a philosophical learning experience, and what are the possibilities of its effectuation, despite the prominence of recognition and representation in the teaching of philosophy. Treating these issues connected us with Deleuzian's thought, especially with the book named Proust and Signs (2003), regarding to affection and the signs as matter of the learning. In the same way, the encounteurs of Clarice Lispector was the final step which allowed us to establish, in the dialogue between literature and philosophy, intercessors to think the learning in the direction of the encounteurs or better, under disparations to the unknown and on the interlines of artistic invention and philosophical. The learning as unfolding of the transforming pontential of the sign was, therefore, the point of view through which we could indicate the answers or the critical paths of this work.
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Palavras-chave
Ensino de filosofia, Representação, Aprendizagem, Experiência, Signos, Teaching philosophy, Representation, Learning, Experience, Signs