Pátio escolar coberto: a qualidade ambiental, estética e funcional em escolas de educação infantil
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Data
2016-09-16
Autores
Rioli, Thyssie Ortolani [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os pátios escolares constituem ambientes essenciais para o desenvolvimento das crianças, ao permitir a interação entre elas, o contato com a natureza, a exploração e experimentação, além de poder complementar e renovar as atividades pedagógicas. Esses ambientes de vivência e recreação (cobertos e descobertos), que podem ser cobertos e descobertos, são importantes para a relação ensino e aprendizagem e, portanto, necessitam ter seu espaço físico bem planejado. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa propõe contribuir para essa questão ao definir um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de pátios cobertos, o “índice de Avaliação de Pátios Cobertos - IAPC”, que considera parâmetros e indicadores de qualidade ambiental, estética e funcional. A escolha dos parâmetros e indicadores teve como base uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema “pátios escolares” e os resultados da aplicação de instrumentos da Avaliação Pós Ocupação – APO (Leitura dos pátios e as built; checklist; observações; walkthrough; mapa cognitivo, poema dos desejos e questionários) em oito escolas de educação infantil na cidade de Pederneiras-SP. A aplicação do IAPC, que considera os pontos de vista do técnico e dos usuários, nessas mesmas escolas, mostrou sua importância em: identificar problemas relacionados a cada parâmetro; que podem subsidiar reformas e/ou ampliações; rever aspectos funcionais do dia a dia; contribuir com um parâmetro quantitativo de comparação entre os diferentes pátios e traçar o perfil da qualidade do pátio coberto na rede municipal de ensino infantil local. Espera-se que a aplicação desse instrumento possa contribuir não apenas para subsidiar intervenções físicas locais, visando à melhoria de qualidade dos pátios escolares, mas para o planejamento e gestão de ambientes similares.
The school patios are essential environments for the development of children allowing interaction among them, contact with nature, exploration and experimentation; furthermore, they can complement and renew the pedagogical activities. These recreational environments (covered and discovered) which are important for teaching and learning, deserve to have their physical spaces well planned. In this context, this research aims to contribute to this issue when defining an assessment tool of quality of the covered school patio, the "evaluation index of the covered school patio (EIPC)", which encompasses environmental, aesthetic and functional quality parameters. These parameters and their indicators were defined based on literature review and application of Post Occupancy Evaluation instruments – POE (observations; as built; checklist; walkthroughs; cognitive map; wish poems and questionnaires) in study cases in eight preschools in the city of Pederneiras-SP. The application of the EIPC which considers the points of view of technicians and users, in these same schools, showed its importance in: identifying problems related to each parameter; review functional aspects of everyday life; to contribute with a quantitative parameter of comparison between the different patios and to outline the quality profile of the covered patio in the local preschool network. It is expected that this instrument can contribute not only to support local physical interventions aimed at improving the quality of school patios, but also for planning and management of the similar environments.
The school patios are essential environments for the development of children allowing interaction among them, contact with nature, exploration and experimentation; furthermore, they can complement and renew the pedagogical activities. These recreational environments (covered and discovered) which are important for teaching and learning, deserve to have their physical spaces well planned. In this context, this research aims to contribute to this issue when defining an assessment tool of quality of the covered school patio, the "evaluation index of the covered school patio (EIPC)", which encompasses environmental, aesthetic and functional quality parameters. These parameters and their indicators were defined based on literature review and application of Post Occupancy Evaluation instruments – POE (observations; as built; checklist; walkthroughs; cognitive map; wish poems and questionnaires) in study cases in eight preschools in the city of Pederneiras-SP. The application of the EIPC which considers the points of view of technicians and users, in these same schools, showed its importance in: identifying problems related to each parameter; review functional aspects of everyday life; to contribute with a quantitative parameter of comparison between the different patios and to outline the quality profile of the covered patio in the local preschool network. It is expected that this instrument can contribute not only to support local physical interventions aimed at improving the quality of school patios, but also for planning and management of the similar environments.
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Palavras-chave
Pátio escolar, Qualidade do ambiente, Escolas de educação infantil, Índice de avaliação, School patio, Environmental quality, Early childhood education schools, Evaluation index