A falácia do desenvolvimento sustentável: uma análise a partir da sociedade de consumo
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Data
2016-11-01
Autores
Aurélio Sobrinho, Carlos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O princípio da sustentabilidade ambiental emergido nos anos 80 do século passado, especialmente após a publicação do Relatório Nosso Futuro Comum – ou Relatório Brundtland–, elaborado pela Comissão Mundial sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento (CNUMAD), órgão vinculado à Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) é o grande mote dos discursos empresariais e governamentais da atualidade. Nesse sentido nossa pesquisa buscou desconstruir o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável para justificar nossa hipótese de que no sistema capitalista de produção industrial e de consumo em massa a proteção dos recursos naturais é deixada para traz quando o crescimento econômico se faz necessário. Partindo da definição do conceito de D.S, que afirma ser aquele que satisfaz as necessidades humanas das gerações presentes sem comprometer as gerações futuras poderem satisfazerem as delas, analisamos minuciosamente todo o texto do Relatório cujo objetivo foi o de entender como a ONU compreende a busca pela sustentabilidade ambiental. Em se tratando de satisfação de necessidades humanas, analisamos os elementos históricos e sociais que determinaram o surgimento da sociedade de consumo, tendo em vista que ela é um dos fatores determinantes para a atual degradação ambiental do planeta. Para demonstrar que o desenvolvimento sustentável é uma falácia analisamos os documentos das duas principais Conferências ambientais promovidas pela ONU (Rio 92 e Rio+20) para demonstrar os obstáculos que a sociedade de consumo coloca no caminho do desenvolvimento sustentável. Para sustentar nossa tese utilizamos o exemplo da indústria automobilística no Brasil e as políticas econômicas do governo federal entre 2009 e 2013 que para frear os efeitos da crise econômica internacional que começava a atingir o país naquele momento, proporcionou aumento do consumo, em especial de veículos automotores, indo na direção contrária do que propugna os documentos nacionais e internacionais de proteção ambiental dos quais o Brasil é signatário.
The principle of environmental sustainability emerged in the 80s of the last century, especially after the publication of the report Our Common Future (or Brundtland Report) - prepared by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), an agency of the United Nations (UN ) - it is the great theme of business and government speeches today. Therefore, our research sought to demonstrate how, in the capitalist system of industrial production and mass consumption, the protection of natural resources is left behind when economic growth is necessary. Thus, we propose to verify our thesis that the concept of sustainable development is a fallacy. Starting from the definition of sustainable development, which claims to be one that meets the human needs of present generations without compromising those of future generations, we thoroughly analyze the entire Report in order to realize how the UN understands the quest for environmental sustainability. In terms of satisfaction of human needs, we analyze the historical and social elements that determined the emergence of the consumer society, given that it is one of the determining factors for the current environmental degradation of the planet. To see that the sustainable development is a fallacy, we also analyze the documents of the two major environmental conferences organized by the United Nations (Rio 92 and Rio + 20) to demonstrate the obstacles that consumer society puts in its way. To support our thesis, we use the example of the automotive industry in Brazil and the economic policy of the federal government between 2009 and 2013 to contain the international economic crisis that hit the country – this policy led to an increase in consumption, especially of motor vehicles, going in the opposite direction than advocates national and international environmental protection documents of which Brazil is a signatory.
The principle of environmental sustainability emerged in the 80s of the last century, especially after the publication of the report Our Common Future (or Brundtland Report) - prepared by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), an agency of the United Nations (UN ) - it is the great theme of business and government speeches today. Therefore, our research sought to demonstrate how, in the capitalist system of industrial production and mass consumption, the protection of natural resources is left behind when economic growth is necessary. Thus, we propose to verify our thesis that the concept of sustainable development is a fallacy. Starting from the definition of sustainable development, which claims to be one that meets the human needs of present generations without compromising those of future generations, we thoroughly analyze the entire Report in order to realize how the UN understands the quest for environmental sustainability. In terms of satisfaction of human needs, we analyze the historical and social elements that determined the emergence of the consumer society, given that it is one of the determining factors for the current environmental degradation of the planet. To see that the sustainable development is a fallacy, we also analyze the documents of the two major environmental conferences organized by the United Nations (Rio 92 and Rio + 20) to demonstrate the obstacles that consumer society puts in its way. To support our thesis, we use the example of the automotive industry in Brazil and the economic policy of the federal government between 2009 and 2013 to contain the international economic crisis that hit the country – this policy led to an increase in consumption, especially of motor vehicles, going in the opposite direction than advocates national and international environmental protection documents of which Brazil is a signatory.
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Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Sustentabilidade ambiental, Sociedade de consumo, Indústria automobilística, Sustainable development, Environmental sustainability, Consumer Society, Automobile industry