Uma abordagem peculiar da equação do segundo grau no ensino fundamental e médio
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Data
2016-11-18
Autores
Kuroiwa, Elisabete Tiyoko Nishimura [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Há cerca de 2000 a.C, com o desenvolvimento do conhecimento matemático, a equação do 2º grau tem mostrado sua aplicabilidade principalmente em problemas de medidas, áreas e repartição de herança, pois, o Alcorão prescrevia uma divisão de herança de acordo com a idade. Além das circunstancias descritas acima, há uma infinidade de situações problema que envolve a resolução de uma equação deste tipo. Ao longo de minha jornada como docente, observei as dificuldades encontradas pelos discentes, que não conseguem aplicá-las e resolvê-las. Procuramos uma abordagem diferenciada para priorizar a aprendizagem, sanar suas dificuldades e efetivar a resolução. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste no auxílio aos professores na importante tarefa de ensinar, esclarecer, fundamentar e sedimentar os conceitos e as resoluções da equação do 2º grau, promovendo aprendizagem efetiva, com maior interação e cumplicidade ajudando-os em seus questionamentos, providenciando a retomada e a aquisição de saberes com suas intervenções propícias e auxiliando-os a encontrar as respostas às suas indagações. Para isto utilizamos a Metodologia de Resolução de Problemas, como ferramenta viável para a demonstração da fórmula de Bháskara, proporcionando uma motivação em sua construção, possibilitando ao aluno, maior envolvimento, participação e interação com manejo de material concreto. Essa metodologia proporciona maior interação entre o professor e os alunos auxiliando-os e estimulando-os com questionamento e intervenções convenientes. Iniciamos com uma abordagem histórica em ordem cronológica, de acordo com os conhecimentos desenvolvidos, bem como sua contextualização teórica, envolvendo inclusive os diversos métodos de resolução, através dos tempos, bem como seus exemplos. Apresentamos uma aplicação em sala de aula, com levantamento diagnóstico para verificar os conhecimentos dos estudantes, aplicabilidade e resoluções desta equação, sendo posteriormente feita uma reavaliação para verificar o nível de aprendizado, mostrando de maneira geral o método e a metodologia proposta.
There are about 2000 B.C with the development of mathematical knowledge, the 2nd degree equation has shown its applicability especially in problems of measures, areas and division of inheritance, as the Qur'an prescribed a division of inheritance according to age. In addition to the circumstances described above, there are plenty of situations that involve problem solving an equation of this kind. Along my journey as a teacher, I noted the difficulties encountered by students who can not apply them and solve them. We seek a differentiated approach to prioritize learning, solve their problems and carry out the resolution. The objective of this work is to assist teachers in the important task of teaching, clarify, justify and consolidate the concepts and resolutions of the 2nd degree equation, promoting effective learning, with greater interaction and complicity helping them in their inquiries, arranging the recovery and the acquisition of knowledge with its favorable interventions and helping them find answers to their questions. For this we use the Troubleshooting Methodology as a viable tool for demonstrating the formula Bháskara, providing a motivation in their construction, allowing the student to greater involvement, participation and interaction with management of concrete material. This methodology provides greater interaction between teacher and students helping them and encouraging them to questioning and appropriate interventions. We begin with a historical approach in chronological order, according to the developed knowledge and its theoretical context, including the various methods of resolution, through the ages, as well as their examples. We present an application in the classroom, with diagnosis survey to check students' knowledge, applicability and resolutions of this equation, a reassessment later being done to check the level of learning, showing generally the method and the proposed methodology.
There are about 2000 B.C with the development of mathematical knowledge, the 2nd degree equation has shown its applicability especially in problems of measures, areas and division of inheritance, as the Qur'an prescribed a division of inheritance according to age. In addition to the circumstances described above, there are plenty of situations that involve problem solving an equation of this kind. Along my journey as a teacher, I noted the difficulties encountered by students who can not apply them and solve them. We seek a differentiated approach to prioritize learning, solve their problems and carry out the resolution. The objective of this work is to assist teachers in the important task of teaching, clarify, justify and consolidate the concepts and resolutions of the 2nd degree equation, promoting effective learning, with greater interaction and complicity helping them in their inquiries, arranging the recovery and the acquisition of knowledge with its favorable interventions and helping them find answers to their questions. For this we use the Troubleshooting Methodology as a viable tool for demonstrating the formula Bháskara, providing a motivation in their construction, allowing the student to greater involvement, participation and interaction with management of concrete material. This methodology provides greater interaction between teacher and students helping them and encouraging them to questioning and appropriate interventions. We begin with a historical approach in chronological order, according to the developed knowledge and its theoretical context, including the various methods of resolution, through the ages, as well as their examples. We present an application in the classroom, with diagnosis survey to check students' knowledge, applicability and resolutions of this equation, a reassessment later being done to check the level of learning, showing generally the method and the proposed methodology.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Equação do segundo grau, Metodologia da resolução de problemas, Fórmula de Bháskara, Second degree equation, Methodology of troubleshooting, Formula Bhaskara