Modos de inoculação de azospirillum brasilense em cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2016-07-27
Autores
Scudeletti, Daniele [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) é uma cultura de grande importância econômica para o Brasil, pois além de gerar empregos em setores como agrícola, industriais e terceiros, a cultura também proporciona a produção de biomassa energética. Há muitas evidências de que esta cultura seja beneficiada pela interação com bactérias diazotróficas, principalmente as do gênero Azospirillum que, além da fixação de N atmosférico podem produzir fitormônios que promovem, na maioria dos casos, efeitos positivos no crescimento vegetal, no rendimento e nas alterações fisiológicas da planta. A principal barreira à utilização do Azospirillumn a cultura da cana-de-açúcar tem sido a incon¬sistência dos resultados de pesquisa, que podem variar de acordo com a cultivar, as condições eda¬foclimáticas e a metodologia de condução da pes¬quisa. Objetivou-se, mediante o presente estudo, avaliar a eficácia dos modos de inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense, nos parâmetros biométricos, fisiológicos e tecnológicos, e as possíveis melhorias na absorção de nutrientes do solo e na produtividade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental pertencente à Usina da Barra, localizada no município de Santa Maria da Serra - SP, na safra 2015/2016. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por inoculação do Azospirillum brasilense (sem e com) e pelos modos de aplicação (tolete e foliar). Foi considerada como área útil as 4 linhas centrais de 8 linhas plantadas. A inoculação foi realizada por meio da aplicação de 2 L ha-1 do produto comercial. A inoculação via tolete foi realizada antes do cobrimento do sulco e nas parcelas que receberam via foliar, ocorreu no estádio de perfilhamento. Concluiu-se que a inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense não afetou os teores de macronutrientes, índice de clorofila foliar, número de colmos, número de entrenó e a qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar e houve aumento na altura de colmos em razão do aumento no comprimento médio do entrenó, refletindo aumento na produtividade de colmos e açúcar em torno de 15%.
The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a crop of great economic importance to Brazil, as well as create jobs in several sectors such as agricultural, industrial and third culture also provides the production of energy biomass. There are many evidences that this crop culture is benefited by interaction with diazotrophs, especially the Azospirillum genus that in addition to atmospheric N fixation can produce phytohormones that promote, in most cases, positive effects on plant growth, yield and amendments physiological plant. The main barrier to the use of Azospirillum in sugarcane has been the inconsistency of search results, which may vary according to the cultivar, the climatic conditions and methodology of research. The aim, through this study, was to evaluate the effectiveness of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation modes, the biometric, physiological and technological parameters, and possible improvements in the uptake of soil nutrients and yield. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Sugar mill Barra, localized in Santa Maria da Serra - SP, in 2015/2016. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 2, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense (with and without) and the application modes (stem and leaf). It was considered useble area of the center lines 4 of 8 lines planted. The inoculation was performed by applying 2 L-1 ha of the commercial product. The inoculation of the stems was performed before covering the plating furrows and in plots that received foliar it occurred at tillering stage. It was concluded that inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense did not affect the macronutrient content, leaf chlorophyll content, stalk number, internode number and the technological quality of sugarcane and there was an increase in stalk height due to the increase in average length internode, resulting in higher yield in sugar and cane yield around 15%.
The sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a crop of great economic importance to Brazil, as well as create jobs in several sectors such as agricultural, industrial and third culture also provides the production of energy biomass. There are many evidences that this crop culture is benefited by interaction with diazotrophs, especially the Azospirillum genus that in addition to atmospheric N fixation can produce phytohormones that promote, in most cases, positive effects on plant growth, yield and amendments physiological plant. The main barrier to the use of Azospirillum in sugarcane has been the inconsistency of search results, which may vary according to the cultivar, the climatic conditions and methodology of research. The aim, through this study, was to evaluate the effectiveness of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation modes, the biometric, physiological and technological parameters, and possible improvements in the uptake of soil nutrients and yield. The study was conducted in the experimental area of Sugar mill Barra, localized in Santa Maria da Serra - SP, in 2015/2016. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 x 2, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense (with and without) and the application modes (stem and leaf). It was considered useble area of the center lines 4 of 8 lines planted. The inoculation was performed by applying 2 L-1 ha of the commercial product. The inoculation of the stems was performed before covering the plating furrows and in plots that received foliar it occurred at tillering stage. It was concluded that inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense did not affect the macronutrient content, leaf chlorophyll content, stalk number, internode number and the technological quality of sugarcane and there was an increase in stalk height due to the increase in average length internode, resulting in higher yield in sugar and cane yield around 15%.
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Palavras-chave
Saccharum spp., Bactéria diazotrófica, Promotores de crescimento, Fixação biológica de nitrogênio, Produtividade, Diazotrophic bacteria, Growth promoters, Biological nitrogen fixation, Yield