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ItemTese de doutorado O que há de novo para aferir o processo de crescimento?(Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2023-11-21) Cassiano, Rodrigo Pereira; Pinto,Marcos Franke; Neto,Manoel GarciaA constante evolução do setor avícola, somada às pressões exercidas pelo mercado, tem exigido maior precisão das ferramentas de avaliação da produtividade e das variáveis que a envolvem. Nesse contexto, a compreensão do crescimento e interpretação do seu comportamento é fundamental para auxiliar na otimização das decisões referentes à nutrição, genética, sanidade e ambiência, refletindo diretamente na sustentabilidade e viabilidade do setor. O Programa Prático de Modelagem de Forças (PPFM) é uma ferramenta inovadora que analisa o processo de crescimento (curvas e forças). O maior diferencial da metodologia aplicada está no desdobramento da análise segundo o ponto de vista newtoniano. Para tanto, o programa permite definir qual o melhor modelo para ajustar o conjunto de dados de crescimento, e, subsequentemente, o desdobra em suas derivadas; a primeira derivada representa a velocidade e a segunda derivada caracteriza a aceleração do crescimento. Assim, através da lei de Newton (𝐹 = 𝑚 𝑥 𝑎), o PPFM (a planilha) define com grande precisão e coerência biológica os pontos de transição entre as possíveis fases do crescimento. Outra propriedade do PPFM é possibilitar o cálculo da energia utilizada em cada momento do período avaliado, através do conceito de energia cinética (𝐸𝑐 = (𝑚 𝑥 𝑣²) /2), e definir também, a sua integral em função do tempo, a ação (𝐴 = 𝐸𝑐 𝑥 𝑡). Em relação a metodologia estatística aplicada, foram utilizados os modelos mistos (MM) e mistos generalizados (GMM) para obter os resultados mais coerentes com a biologia, uma vez que os métodos clássicos (Teste t, Anova e regressão linear) apresentam limitações para atender com precisão as exigências experimentais para o conjunto de dados. Assim, este trabalho permitiu demonstrar que: 1- apesar de necessários, os testes estatísticos clássicos não são mais suficientes para atender aos avanços nutricionais, genéticos, sanitários e de manejo. Essa nova realidade exige análises estatísticas mais sofisticadas, como os modelos mistos generalizados com variáveis clusterizadas; 2- a modelagem de curvas de crescimento deverá abranger tanto a forma (cinemática) como as forças associadas à sua expansão (cinética), permitindo uma acurada avaliação da dinâmica da expansão; 3- o conceito da ação sumariza todos os recursos oferecidos para a expansão do crescimento e seu histórico, em apenas um único valor, que representa o trabalho útil.ItemDado de pesquisa O que há de novo para aferir o processo de crescimento? - Peso frangos de corte machos(2023-11-30) Cassiano, Rodrigo PereiraItemDado de pesquisa O que há de novo para aferir o processo de crescimento? - Peso frangos de corte fêmeas(2023-11-30) Cassiano, Rodrigo PereiraItemDado de pesquisa O que há de novo para aferir o processo de crescimento? - Consumo de ração frangos de corte machos(2023-11-30) Cassiano, Rodrigo PereiraItemDado de pesquisa O que há de novo para aferir o processo de crescimento? - Conversão alimentar frangos de corte fêmeas(2023-11-30) Cassiano, Rodrigo PereiraItemDado de pesquisa O que há de novo para aferir o processo de crescimento? - Consumo de ração frangos de corte fêmeas(2023-11-30) Cassiano, Rodrigo PereiraItemDado de pesquisa O que há de novo para aferir o processo de crescimento? - Conversão alimentar frangos de corte machos(2023-11-30) Cassiano, Rodrigo PereiraItemArtigo Cryptosporidium proventriculi in Captive Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)(2023-05-01) Panegossi, Mariele Fernanda da Cruz [UNESP]; Widmer, Giovanni; Nagata, Walter Bertequini; Oliveira, Bruno César Miranda; Ferrari, Elis Domingos; Gomes, Jancarlo Ferreira; Meireles, Marcelo Vasconcelos [UNESP]; Nakamura, Alex Akira [UNESP]; do Santos-Doni, Thaís Rabelo; da Silveira Neto, Luiz; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Tufts University; Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento do Estado de São Paulo; União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos (Unilago); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT)Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) are among the most commonly sold psittacines pets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic N. hollandicus and identify risk factors for this infection. We collected fecal samples from 100 domestic cockatiels in the city of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Feces from birds of both genders and older than two months were collected. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire to identify how they handle and care for their birds. Based on nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the cockatiels sampled was 9.00%, 6.00% based on Malachite green staining, 5.00% based on modified Kinyoun straining, and 7.00% when the Malachite green was combined with Kinyoun. Applying multivariate logistic regression to test the association between Cryptosporidium proventriculi positivity and potential predictors showed that gastrointestinal alterations was a significant predictor (p < 0.01). Amplicons from five samples were sequenced successfully and showed 100% similarity with C. proventriculi. In summary, this study demonstrates the occurrence of C. proventriculi in captive cockatiels.ItemArtigo Gingivitis in calves: longitudinal hematological and metabolic profiles-and salivary buffering capacity in animals treated with virginiamycin(2023-01-01) Vaccari, Juliana [UNESP]; Ramos, Thamiris Naiasha Minari [UNESP]; Júnior, Elerson Gaetti-Jardim [UNESP]; Chaves-Neto, Antonio Hernandes [UNESP]; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina; Saraiva, Júlia Rebecca [UNESP]; de Souza, Natália Cristina [UNESP]; Bomfim, Suely Regina Mogami [UNESP]; Schweitzer, Christiane Marie [UNESP]; Dos Santos Dutra, Iveraldo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG)Gingivitis is an infectious inflammatory process that generates local and systemic conditions, compromising the masticatory capacity of animals. Virginiamycin controls and prevents gingivitis and necrotizing gingivitis in cattle. However, the interaction and effect with different sera and salivary elements remain unknown. The present 6-month longitudinal study evaluated the hematological, metabolic, and salivary buffering capacity profiles of calves with gingivitis treated with virginiamycin. Ten calves were divided into two groups: control and virginiamycin (n = 5 each). Calves in the virginiamycin group had a lower occurrence of gingivitis (P < 0.01, Student’s t-test). The animals that developed gingivitis in both experimental groups had higher salivary levels of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.01915) and lower serum levels of albumin (P = 0.0028). Additionally, animals receiving virginiamycin had higher serum levels of magnesium (P = 0.008), albumin (P = 0.0008), urea (P = 0.008), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.008), total proteins (P = 0.008), and plasma protein (P = 0.018). Salivary buffering capacity was negatively correlated with salivary variables such as calcium, magnesium, albumin, total protein, and aspartate aminotransferase and serum variables such as albumin and aspartate aminotransferase. Results of the present study suggested that the occurrence of periodontopathies in episodes is reflected in the local and systemic alterations in animals. In this context, clinical periodontal monitoring also showed the benefits of virginiamycin supplementation on gingival conditions and systemic health markers, in addition to controlling the two precursor forms of periodontitis.ItemArtigo Effect of Phosphorus-Containing Polymers on the Shoot Dry Weight Yield and Nutritive Value of Mavuno Grass(2023-04-01) Prudencio, Marcelo Falaci [UNESP]; de Almeida, Lucas José de Carvalho [UNESP]; Moreira, Adônis; Freitas, Gabriela da Silva [UNESP]; Heinrichs, Reges [UNESP]; Soares Filho, Cecílio Viega [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)In an effort to improve fertility, recover degraded areas and increase support for the capacity of livestock on pasture, new forms of fertilizer are being developed. Polymer-coated monoammonium phosphate (MAP) is an innovative source of phosphorus (P) for maintaining forage grass productivity. The aim this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of P rates with the presence and absence of the polymer on the productivity, development and nutritional value of hybrid signalgrass (Urochloa spp.) cv. Mavuno. The field research was conducted on a dystrophic Ultisol. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications and treatments applied in a factorial scheme (2 × 4) + 1. The treatments included two P sources (uncoated MAP and polymers-coated MAP) at four rates (20, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha−1 of P2O5), and the control received no P fertilization. The measured variables showed no differences between sources with or without polymer. The maximum production of accumulated shoot dry weight yield (SDWY) of the ‘Mavuno’ grass was 20.2 Mg ha−1 with the dose of 114 kg ha−1 of P2O5. The value of crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility showed a quadratic response with maximum production of 76.5% and 15.9% for the P2O5 rates of 37.2 and 91.1 kg ha−1, respectively, while the acid detergent insoluble fiber showed a linear increase up to the rate of 80 kg ha−1 of P2O5. No differences were observed in plant height, number of tillers, or the relative chlorophyll content between treatments.ItemArtigo Foliar Spray Inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Associated with Nitrogen Doses in Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri(2023-04-01) Freitas, Gabriela da Silva [UNESP]; Moreira, Adônis; Prudencio, Marcelo Falaci [UNESP]; Heinrichs, Reges [UNESP]; Nogueira, Marco Antonio; Hungria, Mariangela; Soares Filho, Cecílio Viega [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)This study evaluated the combined effect of foliar spray inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and nitrogen doses on the yield, development, and nutritive value of Megathyrsus maximus cv. BRS Zuri. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, with repeated measures in time. Foliar inoculation of two bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense Ab-V5 (CNPSo 2083) and Ab-V6 (CNPSo 2084) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (CNPSo 2799)) and 40 and 80 kg ha−1 N (urea) rates, in addition to the control (without inoculation and N fertilization), were applied. In the rainy season, at the level of 40 kg ha−1 of N, inoculation of both A. brasilense and P. fluorescens increased, respectively, the tiller number by 33% and 25% (22 February), and the N accumulated in tissues by 42% and 25% (22 January), while in the previous year (21 February) the beneficial effects of both bacteria were observed in the percentage of leaf blade and in the true digestibility in vitro. When the foliar spray was inoculated with A. brasilense Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 and P. fluorescens CNPSo 2799, with 80 kg N ha−1, the root system of Zuri grass increased by 61% and 30%, respectively.ItemArtigo Profile of human anti-rabies care and post-exposure prophylaxis in the state of São Paulo(2023-01-01) da Costa Andrade, Bruno Fonseca Martins [UNESP]; Queiroz, Luzia Helena [UNESP]; Marinho, Márcia [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Background: Rabies is an anthropozoonosis that greatly impacts public health and is transmitted by infected mammals. Aggression by animals is notifiable and may result in anti-rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). This study aimed to characterize anti-rabies PEP notifications in São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using data provided by the SINAN between 2013 and 2017. Results: A total of 572,889 aggressions were recorded during the study period, characterized mostly by dogs (83.5%), single wounds (56.9%), superficial wounds (58.6%), and hands/feet (34.6%). Conclusions: Animal observation was the most frequent recommendation, even in cases of attacks from non-domestic animals.ItemArtigo Rabies in Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) in Brazil: Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors Based on Twenty Years of Research in the Northwestern Region of São Paulo, Brazil(2023-01-01) Garcia, Ana Beatriz [UNESP]; de Carvalho, Cristiano [UNESP]; Casagrande, Daiene [UNESP]; Picinato, Mirelle Andrea de Carvalho [UNESP]; Pedro, Wagner Andre [UNESP]; Marinho, Márcia [UNESP]; Queiroz, Luzia Helena [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)The number of rabies cases in bats has increased recently in Brazil and in the state of São Paulo, representing a new epidemiological scenario for this zoonosis. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of rabies in bats according to food habits, taxonomic classification, sex and season of the year to identify possible risk factors for rabies occurrence in bats. A retrospective analysis of 6389 records of bat samples, from different municipalities of São Paulo, submitted to rabies diagnosis and taxonomic identification was carried out at the Rabies Diagnostic and Chiroptera Laboratories of Unesp Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1998 to 2017. Seventy-six (1.1%) positive rabies cases were detected in bats from ten species and seven genera of three families. The number of rabies-positive cases was higher in the dry season, with a significant association. The prevalence was higher in the Vespertilionidae family (37), especially Myotis nigricans (19) and Eptesicus furinalis (14). Frugivorous bats had a greater association with positivity for rabies, whereas the variable “sex” had no association. We recommend that the surveillance and control of rabies should be undertaken primarily during the dry season, especially in the Vespertilionidae family species and other species with a frugivorous food habit.ItemResenha TF-Test techniques for the laboratory diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites of humans and animals(2022-12-31) Inácio, Sandra Valéria [UNESP]; Gomes, Jancarlo Ferreira; Falcão, Alexandre Xavier; da Silva, Débora Regina Romualdo [UNESP]; Nagata, Walter Bertequini [UNESP]; Suzuki, Celso Tetsuo Nagase; Dos Santos, Bianca Martins; Soares, Felipe Augusto; Loiola, Saulo Hudson Nery; Benitez, Aline Do Nascimento; Rosa, Stefani Laryssa; Bresciani, Katia Denise Saraiva [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)Intestinal parasites inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and animals, causing damages whose severity depends on several factors related to the parasite and the host. Immunocompromised individuals are more likely to develop severe forms of parasitic infestation. The diagnosis of the gastrointestinal parasitosis is mainly performed by the examination of the feces, which consists of the direct visualization and identification of the parasites eliminated through the feces. These tests are generally low sensitive and the microscope slides contain a large number of impurities, which can impair the result of the diagnosis. In order to improve the diagnostic accuracy, a new parasitological technique called Three Fecal Test (TF-Test) was developed. To further improve its diagnostic accuracy, few modifications of the original protocols have been made with the years. In this study the performance of these new techniques to detect gastrointestinal parasites in human and animal fecal samples was described and discussed in relation to the performance of other conventional coprological tests. It could be concluded that the TF-Test conventional and modified can be used for the diagnosis of several human and animal parasites, with satisfactory results.ItemArtigo Highly Diverse Arenaviruses in Neotropical Bats, Brazil(2022-12-01) Bentim Góes, Luiz Gustavo; Fischer, Carlo; Almeida Campos, Angélica Cristine; de Carvalho, Cristiano [UNESP]; Moreira-Soto, Andrés; Ambar, Guilherme [UNESP]; da Rosa, Adriana Ruckert; de Oliveira, Debora Cardoso; Jo, Wendy Karen; Cruz-Neto, Ariovaldo P. [UNESP]; Pedro, Wagner André [UNESP]; Queiroz, Luzia Helena [UNESP]; Minoprio, Paola; Durigon, Edison L.; Drexler, Jan Felix; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Centro de Controle de Zoonooses; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)We detected arenavirus RNA in 1.6% of 1,047 bats in Brazil that were sampled during 2007–2011. We identified Tacaribe virus in 2 Artibeus sp. bats and a new arenavirus species in Carollia perspicillata bats that we named Tietê mammarenavirus. Our results suggest that bats are an underrecognized arenavirus reservoir.ItemArtigo Yield and Chemical Composition of Marandu Grass Fertilized with Macro-and Micronutrients at Planting and for Pasture Maintenance(2023-01-01) Amim Vieira, Maycon [UNESP]; Barreto, Ivan [UNESP]; de Marcos Lapaz, Allan; dos Santos Batista Bonini, Carolina [UNESP]; Filho, Cecílio Viega Soares [UNESP]; Moreira, Adônis; Heinrichs, Reges [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Federal University of Viçosa; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)The conditions in tropical regions are favorable for growth of Urochloa brizantha, but inadequate management can make the forage highly susceptible to degradation, so that the pasture quantity and quality are very poor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fertilization at planting and for maintenance of U. brizantha cv. “Marandu” pasture, consisting of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) associated with sulfur (S), boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on forage yield and the morphological and chemical composition. The experiment was carried out in a Typic Ultisol, and the experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with four replicates and eight treatments. In the PK treatments, rates of 80 kg ha−1 P2O5 plus 50 kg ha−1 of K2O were applied. In all treatments, 120 kg ha1 of N was applied as ammonium nitrate split in four (4 × 30 kg). In the treatment with N fertilization only, the dry weight of U. brizantha was in the lowest yield group in all evaluations of the 2-year period. The total dry weight and leaf yield of U. brizantha was strongly and positively correlated with P, K, and S application, moderately correlated with B, and weakly with Zn supply. The soil and fertilization, climate and management conditions of forage cuts were favorable for the U. brizantha yield, with a high leaf/stem + sheath ratio (>1.94), i.e, an indicator of high leaf yield. The contents of neutral and acid detergent fiber did not vary according to the type of fertilization and that of crude protein varied only slightly in the first year in forage samples of the dry period.ItemArtigo Soil type determines the magnitude of soil fertility changes by forest-to-pasture conversion in Western Amazonia(2023-01-15) Rocha, Fernando Igne; Jesus, Ederson da Conceição; Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes; Lumbreras, José Francisco; Clemente, Eliane de Paula; da Motta, Paulo Emilio Ferreira; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina; Dutra, Iveraldo dos Santos [UNESP]; de Oliveira, Aline Pacobahyba; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)The deforestation of tropical forests raises environmental concerns worldwide. Removing the pristine forest impacts the soil, consequently affecting the environmental services it provides. Within this context, the main goal of this study was to determine how the conversion of the tropical rainforest to pasture affects soil fertility across an extended range of soil heterogeneity, including different soil types. We sampled 13 sites, among forests, recent pastures (≤7-year-old), and old pastures (≥10-year-old), on Acrisols, Ferralsols, Plinthosols, and Luvisols, across a ± 800 km geographical range in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Soils were classified taxonomically, and their superficial layer's chemical and physical properties (0–10 cm) were analyzed. Furthermore, we tested the sensibility of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria to detect changes in these soil properties based on their ecological habitat. An inter-regional gradient of soil fertility was observed, and the sampling sites were clustered mostly by soil type and associated land use than by spatial distance. The Sum of bases, Ca + Mg, base saturation, Al saturation, and pH were consistently affected by land use, increasing after conversion to pasture, at different degrees and with a more pronounced effect on oxidic soils. The Sum of bases was the only property that increased significantly among the study sites (Radj = 0.860, p < 0.001), being able to detect the effect of anthropic land use on a larger coverage of soil types. Finally, the Actinobacteria:Proteobacteria ratio was also sensitive to the impact of forest-to-pasture conversion, with a higher ratio observed in pasture systems, and it was positively correlated with soil pH (rho = 0.469, p < 0.001). Our results consistently show that the forest-to-pasture conversion leads to strong alterations in the soil environment, with varying intensities depending on soil type.ItemArtigo Monitoring periodontal lesions and their effects during pregnancy: microbiological aspects of the oral cavity and amniotic fluid in pregnant ewes(2023-01-01) Souza, Natália C. [UNESP]; Ramos, Thamiris N.M. [UNESP]; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina; Saraiva, Júlia R. [UNESP]; Ferreira, Evandro M.; Schweitzer, Christiane M. [UNESP]; Elerson, Gaetti-Jardim [UNESP]; Dutra, Iveraldo S. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)Periodontitis affects the teeth supporting tissues, leading to tooth loss and damage to animal health. Evidence in humans suggests that oral microorganisms spread systemically, increasing the risk of pregnancy disorders such as miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight. This study aimed to verify whether periodontopathogenic microorganisms reach the transplacental unit, culminating in problems in pregnant ewes. After analyzing the oral cavity, 10 clinically healthy pregnant ewes (OGCH group) and 10 pregnant ewes with periodontitis (OGP group) were selected. The subgingival biofilm was collected for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and amniotic fluid for both the PCR and interleukin (IL) analysis. Peripheral blood was collected for complete blood count, and analyses of IL-6, IL1-β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were performed. Placental fragments were collected to assess the inflammatory changes using optical microscopy. After giving birth, both the ewes and their lambs were weighed. On clinical examination, a positive correlation between bleeding and suppuration (correlation index – CI=0.54), suppuration and marginal gingivitis (CI=0.34), and marginal gingivitis and edema (CI=0.54) was observed. The weights of the ewes (p=0.013) and their respective lambs (p=0.04) in the OGP group were lower than those of their OGCH group counterparts. The hematological analysis revealed that the OGP group ewes showed a slight increase in the mean corpuscular volume (p=0.2447), segmented cells (p=0.3375), and eosinophils (p=0.3823) when compared with the OGCH group ewes, without a statistical difference. Regarding the microorganisms detected in the oral cavity, there was a significant difference between the occurrence of periodontal pockets and the presence of Fusobacterium necrophorum (p=0.0328), Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (p=0.0392), and the Mollicutes class (p=0.0352). Staphylococcus genus (p=0.9107) and Archaea domain (p=0.7245) were detected in the amniotic samples of both groups, without a significant difference, whereas P. asaccharolytica (p=0.2685) was only detected in one sample in the OGCH group. The expression of cytokine IL-6 in the OGP group differed significantly between the prepartum and postpartum periods (p=0.0039); moreover, it differed significantly in the postpartum period between the OGCH and OGP groups (p=0.0198). Histological examination showed a higher percentage of placental changes in the OGP group (70%) than in the OGCH group, such as the presence of macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells, and multifocal areas of calcification. These results do not corroborate the hypothesis of dissemination of oral microorganisms to the placental unit, suggesting that it constitutes placental isolation in sheep.ItemArtigo Morphological aspects of the digestive system in freshwater stingray (Potamotrygon amandae—Loboda and Carvalho, 2013): myliobatiformes; potamotrygoninae(2023-06-01) de Aquino, Júlia Bastos; de Melo, Luana Felix; Rodrigues, Rosângela Felipe [UNESP]; de Melo, Alan Peres Ferraz [UNESP]; de Morais-Pinto, Luciano [UNESP]; Rici, Rose Eli Grassi [UNESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR)Detailed morphological descriptions supported by macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural analyses of the complete digestive system of the Potamotrygon amandae from the Brazilian Amazon basin were used in this study. For this purpose, six healthy adult specimens were dissected and had samples from all segments of the digestive system fixed and processed according to protocol for light and scanning electron microscopy. According to our data, in comparison with other studies in different species of oceanic and freshwater rays, it was possible to observe several morphological similarities in cell and tissue arrangement, in addition to the similarity of shape and topographic position of the organs. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the morphological and cytoarchitectural similarity is phylogenetically maintained according to a succession of functionally successful processes in the evolutionary history of the taxon. Furthermore, the minor morphological variations observed in Potamotrygon amandae may be related to habitat and diet specificity.ItemArtigo Type C botulism outbreak in free-ranging waterfowl in Goiás(2022-01-01) Martins, Andressa S.; Silva, Tamires A.; Rosa, Isabella C.C.R.; Oliveira, Alexia G.F.; Oliveira, Márcio P.; Saraiva, Júlia R. [UNESP]; Dutra, Iveraldo S. [UNESP]; Borsanelli, Ana Carolina; Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG); Unidade de Vigilância Sanitária de Quirinópolis; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)Botulism is generally a fatal disease caused by ingestion of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. The present study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects of a type C botulism outbreak in free-living aquatic birds residing in an urban park in Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil. Among a population of approximately 80 waterfowl, a total of 30 birds, including ducks (Cairina moschata), teals (Anas platyrhynchos), and geese (Anser cygnoides), died within 10 days. Of these, six birds showed signs of flaccid paralysis of the pelvic limbs, eyelids, neck, and wings. To confirm the suspicion of botulism, four lake water samples, two samples of the feed consumed by the birds, and samples of serum, intestinal content, stomach content, and liver tissue from two teals that died after presenting clinical signs were analyzed. Using bioassay and neutralization with homologous antitoxin in mice, it was possible to detect the presence of botulinum toxin type C in a water sample and in the intestinal content of one of the necropsied teals. Additionally, the presence of C. botulinum type C was identified in the lake water using polymerase chain reaction. Based on the clinical signs and laboratory results, a diagnosis of botulism caused by botulinum toxin type C was confirmed with probable transmission by lake water.