Potencial acaricida, anti-helmíntico e estudos fitoquímicos de extrativos vegetais obtidos de Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. (Asteraceae)
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Data
2016-11-24
Autores
Fantatto, Rafaela Regina [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é um dos maiores exportadores de carne bovina do mundo, entre 2003 e 2008 a receita com exportações cresceu de um bilhão para mais de cinco bilhões de dólares. Apesar disso, o setor enfrenta perdas consideráveis devido à ocorrência de infestações massivas de ectoparasitas como os carrapatos da espécie Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Ainda dentro do agronegócio, outra produção que se encontra em amplo crescimento e demonstrando grande potencial de ganho de espaço no mercado internacional é a ovinocultura, com rebanho estimado em 14 milhões de animais, colocando o Brasil em 18º lugar no ranking mundial de exportações. Porém, existem grandes perdas econômicas devido à existência de infestações com endoparasitas, como o nematódeo gastrintestinail da espécie Haemonchus contortus. Em paralelo à preocupação com os prejuízos financeiros no agronegócio, outra espécie de carrapato, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, desperta interesse dos pesquisadores por ser o vetor de microrganismos causadores de importantes doenças em cães nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais. Devido ao mau uso, acaricidas e nematicidas sintéticos tem ocasionado o fenômeno de resistência, com isso a busca por novas substâncias a partir de espécies vegetais configura-se numa alternativa muito promissora para o controle desses parasitas. A espécie Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. (Asteraceae), popularmente conhecida como macela, possui em sua composição compostos fenólicos, sobretudo flavonóis e flavanonas, em suas inflorescências, as inflorescencias utilizadas no presente trabalho são provenientes do primeiro cultivar brasileiro dessa espécie, possuindo assim um genótipo unico. Baseado nesses aspectos, o presente trabalho buscou analisar a eficácia de extrativos do primeiro cultivar brasileiro de A. satureoides desenvolvido no CPQBA sobre os carrapatos R. (B.) microplus e R. sanguineus, bem como sobre o nematódeo H. contortus, por meio de ensaios in vitro. O óleo essencial e o extrato etanólico das inflorescências de macela demonstraram possuir alta atividade sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. (B.) microplus e baixa atividade sobre larvas de R. (B.) microplus e R. sanguineus. Além disso, essa espécie vegetal demonstrou efeito de inibição da eclodibilidade de ovos e desenvolvimento de larvas de H. contortus, um nematódeo gastrointestinal de pequenos ruminantes. Sendo assim conclui-se que tanto o extrato etanólico quanto o óleo essencial de Macela possuem efeitos significativos frente ao parasita H. contortus e fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. (B.) microplus.
Brazil is one of the largest beef exporter in the world and between 2003 and 2008, revenue from exports grew from one billion to more than five billion dollars. Nevertheless, the sector is facing considerable losses due to the occurrence of massive infestations of ectoparasites such as tick species of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In the agribusiness, another production that is in ample growth and showing great potential for space gain in the international market is the sheep industry, with herd estimated at 14 million animals, placing Brazil in 18th position in the world exports ranking. However, there are great economic losses due to the infestations of endoparasites, such as the gastrointestinal nematodes species of Haemonchus contortus. In parallel to the concern about the financial losses in agribusiness, other tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, arouses interest of researchers for being the vector of microorganisms that causes major diseases to dogs in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to misuse of synthetic antiparasitic, which causes the phenomenon of resistance to them, the search for new substances from plant species sets up a very promising alternative for the biological control. The species Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC (Asteraceae), popularly known as macela, has in its composition phenolic compounds, particularly flavonols and flavanones in the inflorescences. Based on the aspects, this study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of extractives of the first Brazilian cultivar of A. satureoides developed in the CPQBA on ticks R. (B.) microplus and R. sanguineus, as well as on the nematode H. contortus, using in vitro assays. The essential oil and the extracts of inflorescences of macela have shown that this plant has high activity on engorged females of R. (B.) microplus and low activity on larval of R. (B.) microplus and R. sanguineus. By other hand this species presents has inhibitory effect of hatchability of eggs and development of H. contortus larvae. Therefore it is concluded that both the ethanol extract and the essential oil of macela have significant effects against H. contortus and engorged females of R. (B.) microplus.
Brazil is one of the largest beef exporter in the world and between 2003 and 2008, revenue from exports grew from one billion to more than five billion dollars. Nevertheless, the sector is facing considerable losses due to the occurrence of massive infestations of ectoparasites such as tick species of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In the agribusiness, another production that is in ample growth and showing great potential for space gain in the international market is the sheep industry, with herd estimated at 14 million animals, placing Brazil in 18th position in the world exports ranking. However, there are great economic losses due to the infestations of endoparasites, such as the gastrointestinal nematodes species of Haemonchus contortus. In parallel to the concern about the financial losses in agribusiness, other tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, arouses interest of researchers for being the vector of microorganisms that causes major diseases to dogs in tropical and subtropical regions. Due to misuse of synthetic antiparasitic, which causes the phenomenon of resistance to them, the search for new substances from plant species sets up a very promising alternative for the biological control. The species Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC (Asteraceae), popularly known as macela, has in its composition phenolic compounds, particularly flavonols and flavanones in the inflorescences. Based on the aspects, this study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of extractives of the first Brazilian cultivar of A. satureoides developed in the CPQBA on ticks R. (B.) microplus and R. sanguineus, as well as on the nematode H. contortus, using in vitro assays. The essential oil and the extracts of inflorescences of macela have shown that this plant has high activity on engorged females of R. (B.) microplus and low activity on larval of R. (B.) microplus and R. sanguineus. By other hand this species presents has inhibitory effect of hatchability of eggs and development of H. contortus larvae. Therefore it is concluded that both the ethanol extract and the essential oil of macela have significant effects against H. contortus and engorged females of R. (B.) microplus.
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Palavras-chave
Rhipicephalus boophilus microplus, Produtos naturais, Anti-helminticos, Achyrocline satureioides, Haemonchus contortus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Acaricidas