Geração de energia elétrica e territorializaçâo: o caso da usina hidrelétrica Estreito
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Data
2016-02-01
Autores
Hohn, Daiane Carlos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A energia elétrica é uma modalidade da energia central para o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas na sociedade capitalista. O setor elétrico brasileiro tem como fonte principal de produção de energia elétrica, a hidroeletricidade, que no atual momento se tornou uma fonte de elevados lucros. As usinas hidrelétricas, inseridas no espaço geográfico, formam um conjunto de sistemas de objetos e ações construídos pelo trabalho dos trabalhadores, que na atualidade está sob o comando majoritário da iniciativa privada. A indústria da eletricidade é multiterritorial porque contém, dentro do território da energia, a geração, a transmissão, a comercialização e a distribuição e esta se liga ao território das demais matrizes construindo o território energético. Este texto busca entender o processo de instalação da Usina Hidrelétrica Estreito no rio Tocantins, localizado entre os estados do Tocantins e Maranhão. A implantação desta usina hidrelétrica é carregada de diversas estratégias por parte do consórcio empreendedor para ganhar o apoio da sociedade nas diversas escalas. Sua inserção provocou a desterritorialização de uma parcela de famílias, que anteriormente viviam na região e que, até hoje, buscam o reconhecimento como portadoras de direitos dos espaços ocupados. Esse processo trouxe conflitos entre as partes envolvidas e sua resolução vai depender da correlação de forças estabelecida no território. O conjunto de populações atingidas no Brasil formulou uma proposta que está em fase de análise por instituições do Estado, ligada ao setor elétrico, sobre como deveria ser o tratamento quando da instalação dessas obras. Essa proposta trata da definição de direitos, de um marco legal, de responsabilidades dos órgãos do Estado e tem a participação dos atingidos e conta com fontes de financiamento para garantir, além dos passivos deixados até então, uma política clara quanto à reterritorialização desse público. Entretanto, por uma série de razões a proposta vem sendo sistematicamente rejeitada. Dessa forma, a busca pelos direitos das populações atingidas seja pela UHE Estreito ou por qualquer outra hidrelétrica continua, assim como a busca pela soberania, pela distribuição da riqueza e pelo controle popular da energia.
Energy is central to the development of productive forces in capitalist societies. The Brazilian electrical sector has its major source of energy yield the hydroelectricity, which nowadays had become a commodity with high profits possibilities. The power plants inside the geographical space are a set of objects and actions performed by workers and the majority of that plants are under the command of private entrepreneurs, with significant remittances of dividends to shareholders. The electricity industry is multi territorial as it includes, inside its territory, the generation, the transmission, the commercialization and the distribution and it is bonded to the territory of all others matrices and it creates the “energy territory”. This text tries to understand the installation process of the Estreito power plant in the Tocantins River, between the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Maranhão. The settlement of this power plant is surrounded by many strategies by the entrepreneur consortium in order to gain support from the many strata of the local society. The settlement of this power plant had induced the desterritorialization of many families, that used to live in the region and that until nowadays are seeking recognition as having rights of occupied spaces. This process brought conflicts among the evolved parts and its resolution will depend on the balance of forces established in the territory. A lot of people affected in Brazil made a proposal which is being analyzed by state institutions, bonded to electrical sector, about how should look like treatment when installing these power plants. This proposal deals with the definition of rights, with a legal framework, with the responsibilities of government agencies and has the participation of those affected and has funding sources to ensure, plus the liabilities left by then, a clear policy on reterritorialization of that people. But this proposal has been systematically defeated, for many other reasons. Thus, seeking for the rights of the affected populations continues, as well as the quest for sovereignty, the distribution of wealth and popular control of power.
Energy is central to the development of productive forces in capitalist societies. The Brazilian electrical sector has its major source of energy yield the hydroelectricity, which nowadays had become a commodity with high profits possibilities. The power plants inside the geographical space are a set of objects and actions performed by workers and the majority of that plants are under the command of private entrepreneurs, with significant remittances of dividends to shareholders. The electricity industry is multi territorial as it includes, inside its territory, the generation, the transmission, the commercialization and the distribution and it is bonded to the territory of all others matrices and it creates the “energy territory”. This text tries to understand the installation process of the Estreito power plant in the Tocantins River, between the Brazilian states of Tocantins and Maranhão. The settlement of this power plant is surrounded by many strategies by the entrepreneur consortium in order to gain support from the many strata of the local society. The settlement of this power plant had induced the desterritorialization of many families, that used to live in the region and that until nowadays are seeking recognition as having rights of occupied spaces. This process brought conflicts among the evolved parts and its resolution will depend on the balance of forces established in the territory. A lot of people affected in Brazil made a proposal which is being analyzed by state institutions, bonded to electrical sector, about how should look like treatment when installing these power plants. This proposal deals with the definition of rights, with a legal framework, with the responsibilities of government agencies and has the participation of those affected and has funding sources to ensure, plus the liabilities left by then, a clear policy on reterritorialization of that people. But this proposal has been systematically defeated, for many other reasons. Thus, seeking for the rights of the affected populations continues, as well as the quest for sovereignty, the distribution of wealth and popular control of power.
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Palavras-chave
Energia, Usina hidrelétrica, Território, Direitos, Energy, Power plant, Territory, Rights