Otimização das quantidades de carotenoides em rações de poedeiras visando o aumento da coloração das gemas
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Data
2016-11-22
Autores
Sandeski, Lígia Mara [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O milho é o ingrediente energético comumente utilizado na formulação de ração de aves que apresenta um papel pigmentante adicional para as gemas dos ovos por conter xantofilas, diferentemente do trigo e do sorgo, que apresentam pouco ou nenhum potencial para isso. Neste estudo foram consideradas as quantidades de xantofilas oriundas dos ingredientes energéticos no cálculo de xantofilas totais da ração. O objetivo do experimento foi identificar as quantidades de xantofilas amarelas e vermelhas a serem adicionadas às rações à base de milho, sorgo e trigo para proporcionar as cores de gemas preferidas pela população local. Além disso, pretendeu-se determinar o custo das rações que forneceram as cores de gemas mais aceitas. Foram realizados três experimentos individuais com 72 aves (Dekalb) cada. Os experimentos foram combinados, resultando em rações contendo oito níveis de xantofilas amarelas (0; 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 1,25; 1,5; 1,75 e 2,0 mg/ave/dia) e três níveis de xantofilas vermelhas (0; 0,35 e 0,7 mg/ave/dia). Para os dados de desempenho, as aves foram pesadas no início e ao final do experimento e o peso dos ovos foi registrado diariamente. A análise de custo foi realizada com a utilização do Programa Prático para Formulação de Ração. A cor das gemas foi determinada pelos métodos objetivo (L, a, b) e subjetivo (Leque Colorimétrico da Roche - LCR). A aceitação da cor foi avaliada por uma escala hedônica de cinco pontos. Os pesos das aves (P = 1,00) e dos ovos (P = 0,07) não foram influenciados pela inclusão dos aditivos nas rações. As cores LCR mais aceitas foram 9 com a dieta à base de milho, 6 com a dieta à base de sorgo e 8 com a dieta à base de trigo, alcançadas com a suplementação de 2,0 mg/ave/dia de pigmentos amarelos nas dietas de milho e sorgo, e de 1,25mg/ave/dia de pigmentos amarelos na dieta de trigo. Houve interação significativa entre as quantidades de xantofilas amarelas e vermelhas (P < 0,0001), sobre L, a e b. O custo da ração de milho ajustada ao menor consumo (90 g/ave/dia) para fornecer cor LCR 9 para as gemas foi de R$ 111,26 para 1.000 aves e o custo da ração de sorgo ajustada ao maior consumo (110 g/ave/dia) para se obter a mesma cor foi de R$ 86,58, para 1.000 aves/dia.
Maize is the energy ingredient mostly used for poultry feed formulation, with an additional role on the pigmentation of the egg yolks due to its xanthophylls, unlike wheat and sorghum, with little or no potential for it. Of this study, the amounts of xanthophylls from the energy ingredients were considered for the calculation of total xanthophylls of the diet. The objective of the experiment was to identify the amounts of yellow and red xanthophylls to be added to maize, sorghum and wheat diet to provide the preferred yolk colors for the local population. In addition, it was intended to determine the cost of the diets that provided the most accepted yolk colors. Three individual experiments were performed with 72 laying hens (Dekalb) each. The experiments were combined, resulting in diets containing eight levels of yellow xanthophylls (0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75 and 2.0 mg/hen/day) and three levels of red xanthopylls (0; 0.35 and 0.7 mg/hen/day) in the diets. For the performance analyses, hens were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and the eggs were weighed daily. The cost analysis was assessed using the Pratical Program for Feed Formulation. The yolks colors were evaluated by objective (L, a and b) and subjective (Roche Yolk Color Fan - RYC) methods. The preference for the yolk color was assessed by a hedonic scale of five points. The hens` weight (P = 1.00) and the eggs` weight (P = 0.07) were not influenced by the inclusion of the additives in the diets. The most accepted RYC colors were 9 with the maize based diets, 6 with sorghum diets and 8 with wheat diets, which were achieved with the addition of 2.0 mg/hen/day of yellow pigments to the maize and sorghum diets, and 1.25mg/hen/day of yellow pigments to the wheat diet. There was a significant interaction between the amount of yellow and red xanthophylls (P < 0.0001) on L, a and b. The cost of the maize diet adjusted to the lowest consumption (90 g/hen/day) to achieve RYC color 9 to egg yolks was R$ 111.26 for 1.000 hens/day, and the cost of the sorghum diet adjusted to the highest consumption (110 g/hen/day) to achieve the same color, was R$ 86.58 for 1.000 hens/day.
Maize is the energy ingredient mostly used for poultry feed formulation, with an additional role on the pigmentation of the egg yolks due to its xanthophylls, unlike wheat and sorghum, with little or no potential for it. Of this study, the amounts of xanthophylls from the energy ingredients were considered for the calculation of total xanthophylls of the diet. The objective of the experiment was to identify the amounts of yellow and red xanthophylls to be added to maize, sorghum and wheat diet to provide the preferred yolk colors for the local population. In addition, it was intended to determine the cost of the diets that provided the most accepted yolk colors. Three individual experiments were performed with 72 laying hens (Dekalb) each. The experiments were combined, resulting in diets containing eight levels of yellow xanthophylls (0; 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75 and 2.0 mg/hen/day) and three levels of red xanthopylls (0; 0.35 and 0.7 mg/hen/day) in the diets. For the performance analyses, hens were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment and the eggs were weighed daily. The cost analysis was assessed using the Pratical Program for Feed Formulation. The yolks colors were evaluated by objective (L, a and b) and subjective (Roche Yolk Color Fan - RYC) methods. The preference for the yolk color was assessed by a hedonic scale of five points. The hens` weight (P = 1.00) and the eggs` weight (P = 0.07) were not influenced by the inclusion of the additives in the diets. The most accepted RYC colors were 9 with the maize based diets, 6 with sorghum diets and 8 with wheat diets, which were achieved with the addition of 2.0 mg/hen/day of yellow pigments to the maize and sorghum diets, and 1.25mg/hen/day of yellow pigments to the wheat diet. There was a significant interaction between the amount of yellow and red xanthophylls (P < 0.0001) on L, a and b. The cost of the maize diet adjusted to the lowest consumption (90 g/hen/day) to achieve RYC color 9 to egg yolks was R$ 111.26 for 1.000 hens/day, and the cost of the sorghum diet adjusted to the highest consumption (110 g/hen/day) to achieve the same color, was R$ 86.58 for 1.000 hens/day.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cantaxantina, Luteína, Milho, Sorgo, Trigo, Canthaxanthin, Lutein, Maize, Sorghum, Wheat