Perspectivas conceituais em leitura na escola: a intertextualidade e a interdisciplinaridade a favor da dialogia
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Data
2016-11-25
Autores
Barbosa, Solange Esmeralda Costa [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões sobre os conceitos de leitura que educadores de várias áreas do conhecimento possuem e relaciona-os com o uso da leitura na escola, tanto disciplinar quanto interdisciplinarmente à luz dos estudos conceituais de leitura de Leffa (1996) ), Dehaene (2012), Koch (1993), Koch; Elias (2012), Kleiman; Moraes (1999), Charmeux (1997) e Colomer; Camps (2002); e com proposições interdisciplinares conforme Kleiman; Moraes (1999). Centrou-se nos conceitos sóciointeracionistas de Vygostsky (1994, 2001) e dialogia e polifonia de Bakhtin (1992, 2011). Tal estudo justifica-se em virtude da importância da leitura na construção das histórias e formação das identidades dos sujeitos e, devido ao papel que a formação conceitual exerce na realização de trabalhos consistentes em qualquer área do saber, acredita-se que o conhecimento por parte dos educadores do processo envolvido no ato da leitura, bem como outros elementos relacionados a essa prática, pode tornar-se um aliado das práticas leitoras nas escolas. Este estudo utilizou como modalidade de pesquisa qualitativa a pesquisa ação segundo Thiollent (1988) e o estudo de caso conforme André (2013) e propôs uma pergunta sobre o conceito de leitura para vinte e seis (26) professores de diversas áreas do conhecimento que lecionam na E.E.Dr. Luiz Zuiani, na cidade de Bauru, São Paulo. Além disso, como a leitura é um elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento dos indivíduos, não são apenas as áreas da linguagem, mas outras áreas do conhecimento têm apresentado trabalhos sobre o assunto e por isso, este estudo também ocupou-se em observar o tratamento didático da leitura em projetos interdisciplinares aplicados no primeiro semestre de 2016, na escola supra citada e na E.E. Profa. Maria de Campos Pires Maciel, em Guaianás, distrito de Jaú, São Paulo. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se o conceito de leitura que os docentes revelam interfere no trabalho didático com leitura na escola. A partir da análise dos dados coletados é possível relacionar que o conceito de leitura apresentado pelos professores condiz com práticas de leitura que priorizam extração ou atribuição de sentido e não interação e que tal visão dificulta práticas dialógicas de leitura, as quais podem se revelar como estimuladoras do ato de ler. Este trabalho considera que entender a leitura como elo interdisciplinar equivale a compreender que a realidade e suas ocorrências sociais, científicas, econômicas, tecnológicas, ambientais e outras que permeiam o cotidiano não se apresentam fragmentadas, mas como “um todo” e somente podem ser entendidas ou lidas, ao tomar-se a leitura interligada efetivamente à compreensão, como proposto por Leffa (1996) e por Marcuschi (2008), que assegura que “ler e compreender são equivalentes” e “memorizar não é o mesmo que compreender”, além de acrescentar que “a compreensão é também um exercício de convivência sociocultural” (MARCUSCHI, 2008), confirmando o caráter intrinsicamente dialógico da leitura. Assim, o ensejo é que este estudo colabore para um olhar docente mais cuidadoso com a leitura e suas estratégias, tanto no trabalho em sala de aula quanto na sua utilização e valorização como ferramenta essencial para o desenvolvimento de projetos interdisciplinares.
The paper presents some reflections on the reading concepts that teachers from different fields of knowledge have and relate them with the use of reading in school, so discipline as interdisciplinary in light of conceptual studies of Leffa reading (1996), Dehaene ( 2012), Koch (1993), Koch; Elias (2012), Kleiman; Moraes (1999), Charmeux (1997) and Colomer; Camps (2002); and interdisciplinary propositions as Kleiman; Moraes (1999). It focused on sociointeractionists concepts of Vygotsky (1994, 2001) and dialogism and polyphony Bakhtin (1992, 2011). This study is justified because the importance of reading in the construction of stories and the subject identity formation, due to the role that conceptual training exercises in carrying out consistent work in any area of knowledge, it believes that the knowledge from educators of the process involved in the act of reading as well as other elements related to this practice can become an ally of reading practices in schools. This study used a form of qualitative research an action research as in the Thiollent (1988) and the case study as André (2013) and proposed a question about the concept of reading into twenty-six (26) teachers from different areas of knowledge who teaches in the State School Doutor Luiz Zuiani in the city of Bauru, São Paulo. Moreover, as reading is a fundamental element for the development of individuals, are not only the areas of language, but other areas of knowledge have presented papers on the subject and therefore, this study also took care to observe the didactic treatment reading in interdisciplinary projects implemented in the first half of 2016 in the above mentioned school and State School Professora Maria de Campos in Guaianás, Jau district of São Paulo. The aim of this study was to analyze if the concept of reading that teachers reveal interfere in didactic work with reading in school. From the analysis of the collected data it is possible to relate that the concept of reading presented by teachers match the reading practices that prioritize the extraction or attribution of meaning and no interaction and that this vision difficult dialogical practices of reading, which may prove to be stimulatory to the act of reading. This work considers to understand reading as an interdisciplinary link is equivalent to understand that reality and its social events, scientific, economic, technological, environmental and other permeating daily life present not fragmented, but as "a whole" and can be understood only or read, to take up the interconnected reading effectively understanding, as proposed by Leffa (1996) and Marcuschi (2008), which ensures that "read and understand are equivalent" and "store is not the same as understanding" as well adding that "understanding is also a socio-cultural coexistence exercise" (Marcuschi, 2008), confirming the intrinsically dialogic reading. So the opportunity is that this study collaborates for a more careful look at teaching reading and their strategies, both at work in the classroom and in their use and value as an essential tool for the development of interdisciplinary projects.
The paper presents some reflections on the reading concepts that teachers from different fields of knowledge have and relate them with the use of reading in school, so discipline as interdisciplinary in light of conceptual studies of Leffa reading (1996), Dehaene ( 2012), Koch (1993), Koch; Elias (2012), Kleiman; Moraes (1999), Charmeux (1997) and Colomer; Camps (2002); and interdisciplinary propositions as Kleiman; Moraes (1999). It focused on sociointeractionists concepts of Vygotsky (1994, 2001) and dialogism and polyphony Bakhtin (1992, 2011). This study is justified because the importance of reading in the construction of stories and the subject identity formation, due to the role that conceptual training exercises in carrying out consistent work in any area of knowledge, it believes that the knowledge from educators of the process involved in the act of reading as well as other elements related to this practice can become an ally of reading practices in schools. This study used a form of qualitative research an action research as in the Thiollent (1988) and the case study as André (2013) and proposed a question about the concept of reading into twenty-six (26) teachers from different areas of knowledge who teaches in the State School Doutor Luiz Zuiani in the city of Bauru, São Paulo. Moreover, as reading is a fundamental element for the development of individuals, are not only the areas of language, but other areas of knowledge have presented papers on the subject and therefore, this study also took care to observe the didactic treatment reading in interdisciplinary projects implemented in the first half of 2016 in the above mentioned school and State School Professora Maria de Campos in Guaianás, Jau district of São Paulo. The aim of this study was to analyze if the concept of reading that teachers reveal interfere in didactic work with reading in school. From the analysis of the collected data it is possible to relate that the concept of reading presented by teachers match the reading practices that prioritize the extraction or attribution of meaning and no interaction and that this vision difficult dialogical practices of reading, which may prove to be stimulatory to the act of reading. This work considers to understand reading as an interdisciplinary link is equivalent to understand that reality and its social events, scientific, economic, technological, environmental and other permeating daily life present not fragmented, but as "a whole" and can be understood only or read, to take up the interconnected reading effectively understanding, as proposed by Leffa (1996) and Marcuschi (2008), which ensures that "read and understand are equivalent" and "store is not the same as understanding" as well adding that "understanding is also a socio-cultural coexistence exercise" (Marcuschi, 2008), confirming the intrinsically dialogic reading. So the opportunity is that this study collaborates for a more careful look at teaching reading and their strategies, both at work in the classroom and in their use and value as an essential tool for the development of interdisciplinary projects.
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Palavras-chave
Leitura, Docente, Dialogia, Intertextualidade, Interdisciplinaridade, Reading, Teaching, Dialogic, Intertextuality, Interdisciplinary