O diagnóstico psicológico à luz da teoria histórico cultural: implicações para a educação escolar
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Data
2016-07-22
Autores
Zago, Luis Henrique [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta investigação foi desenvolvida no interior da linha de pesquisa “processos formativos, infância e juventude” do programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCT/UNESP). Aborda a complexidade da construção de diagnósticos referentes a problemas escolares. Fundamenta-se na Teoria Histórico-Cultural. O foco da pesquisa é entender como os profissionais da psicologia constroem um diagnóstico sobre os problemas escolares relacionados à atenção e propor formas avaliativas que estejam em conformidade com os postulados da teoria histórico cultural. Assim, o objetivo foi iniciar um estudo que aponte caminhos para um trabalho clínico referente a problemas escolares que tenha embasamento na teoria histórico cultural. Para a pesquisa foi selecionada uma criança que foi encaminhada a clínica de psicologia com queixa de dificuldade de aprendizagem e comportamento. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que muitas vezes idiossincrasias que destoem do significado social imposto são taxadas como patológicas, não se permitindo um desenvolvimento que tente harmonizar o sentido pessoal ou que considere o questionamento ao estabelecido. A nosso ver a avaliação passa a ser a busca de explicações capazes de desvelar as relações dinâmico-causais de comportamentos em processo de desenvolvimento. Nesta acepção o sistema psicológico, diversamente do que propalado pelos paradigmas mecanicistas e organicistas, deve ser considerado em sua dimensão simbolizadora, uma vez que os signos desempenham papel constitutivo no comportamento humano, ou seja, a atenção e as demais funções psicológicas superiores, no processo de ontogênese, estão atreladas a sentidos e significados socialmente estabelecidos. Isto inviabilizaria uma análise das ditas funções que considerasse apenas a dimensão biológica. Assim, nossa avaliação desloca-se de uma análise do indivíduo para um estudo das relações sociais e processos interpsíquicos. Para tanto buscamos empreender um avaliação da queixa apresentada pelos pais, a criança e a escola; uma análise da história do desenvolvimento da criança; buscamos avaliar quais são as necessidades da criança, quais meios usa para satisfazê-las e em quais condições ela se encontra inserida; por fim, investigamos quais as causas das atividades da criança.
This research was developed in the Education Post Graduate Program at State University of São Paulo(FCT-UNESP-Presidente Prudente). It addresses the complexity of building diagnostics for the school problems based on the Historical-Cultural Theory. The focus of the research is to understand how psychology professionals build a diagnosis about school problems related to attention and to discuss an evaluative way through the postulates of historical-cultural theory. The aim was to study possibilities to point paths for clinical work related to school issues based on historical cultural theory. The diagnosis in our view must be build during the whole therapeutic activity and during the process, the psychologist and the individual will be organizing and defining the best ways for the therapeutic activities related to the learning problems of the student. Psychological diagnoses are extremely complex and do not lend itself to evaluation with the same clarity and precision achieved by the objects studied by the natural sciences. We understand that the historical-cultural diagnosis should include the process of constitution of the phenomena and indicate the prognosis because in the positivist way is restricted to state how it organizes the present moment and it seems extremely limited. The focus of most diagnoses has been the pathology and we seek to build a diagnosis that rather than focusing on the disease must to understand the elements in an dialectic movement. For this study we selected a child who was referred as having learning and behavior problems at school and we tried to understand the individuals problems as social and historical construction to be able to reveal the dynamic-causal relations behaviors in the individual development process. In this sense problems of attention, memory, language and thoughts must be understood as part of the system of higher psychological functions and considered in its semiotic dimension, since the signs and meanings constitute human beings and that all the higher mental functions must be linked to ontogenesis process which are socially established. This would remove an analysis of these functions only consider the biological dimension and moves from an individual analysis to a study of social interactions and interpsychological processes. Therefore we seek to undertake an evaluation of the complaint by the parents, the child and the school to understand and analysis the history of child development to get what the child's needs, which means used to meet them and under what conditions it is inserted and, finally, to investigate what the causes of children's behavior in the movement of life.
This research was developed in the Education Post Graduate Program at State University of São Paulo(FCT-UNESP-Presidente Prudente). It addresses the complexity of building diagnostics for the school problems based on the Historical-Cultural Theory. The focus of the research is to understand how psychology professionals build a diagnosis about school problems related to attention and to discuss an evaluative way through the postulates of historical-cultural theory. The aim was to study possibilities to point paths for clinical work related to school issues based on historical cultural theory. The diagnosis in our view must be build during the whole therapeutic activity and during the process, the psychologist and the individual will be organizing and defining the best ways for the therapeutic activities related to the learning problems of the student. Psychological diagnoses are extremely complex and do not lend itself to evaluation with the same clarity and precision achieved by the objects studied by the natural sciences. We understand that the historical-cultural diagnosis should include the process of constitution of the phenomena and indicate the prognosis because in the positivist way is restricted to state how it organizes the present moment and it seems extremely limited. The focus of most diagnoses has been the pathology and we seek to build a diagnosis that rather than focusing on the disease must to understand the elements in an dialectic movement. For this study we selected a child who was referred as having learning and behavior problems at school and we tried to understand the individuals problems as social and historical construction to be able to reveal the dynamic-causal relations behaviors in the individual development process. In this sense problems of attention, memory, language and thoughts must be understood as part of the system of higher psychological functions and considered in its semiotic dimension, since the signs and meanings constitute human beings and that all the higher mental functions must be linked to ontogenesis process which are socially established. This would remove an analysis of these functions only consider the biological dimension and moves from an individual analysis to a study of social interactions and interpsychological processes. Therefore we seek to undertake an evaluation of the complaint by the parents, the child and the school to understand and analysis the history of child development to get what the child's needs, which means used to meet them and under what conditions it is inserted and, finally, to investigate what the causes of children's behavior in the movement of life.
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Palavras-chave
Psicodiagnóstico, Atenção, queixa escolar, Teoria histórico cultural