Engenharia reversa: um método orientado a imobilizadores ortopédicos
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Data
2016-12-07
Autores
Santos, Marcelo Augusto Rozan dos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na área da ortopedia a busca por novos avanços tecnológicos tem sido muito pouco e as pessoas que necessitam de dispositivos como órteses acabam sofrendo mais devido ao alto custo dos aparelhos ortopédicos. A maioria da população que possui patologias sofre por não ter renda suficiente para adquirir esses dispositivos e acabam agravando essas patologias. Este estudo busca inovar e propor a utilização de novas tecnologias para desenvolver órteses a essa população de baixa renda. Uma tecnologia de custo baixo e que possa ser implementada na rede pública. Através das análises feitas pelos profissionais da área como ortopedistas e terapeutas nas imagens bidimensionais dos exames do paciente consultados, com a utilização de aparelhos com a técnica de Engenharia Reversa será possível digitalizar o membro afetado ou posicioná-los de forma adequada para que seja tirado o molde da órtese personalizada. Esses aparelhos permitem utilizar dados de exames já feitos como Ultrassom, Ressonância Magnética, Tomografia ou Raio X e convertê-los em modelos tridimensionais. O objetivo deste projeto é utilizar essas técnicas de Engenharia Reversa para digitalizar o membro que necessite de auxílio e confeccionar as órteses com a tecnologia de Manufatura Aditiva, uma tecnologia que vem se desenvolvendo rapidamente nesses últimos anos e permitindo fabricar diretamente qualquer peça ou objeto através de um arquivo tridimensional modelado. Nos dias atuais, a Manufatura Aditiva tem sido utilizada em diversas áreas como Arquitetura e Artes, Design de Produtos, Engenharia Mecânica, entre outros. Já na área da Medicina essa tecnologia tem sido utilizada para confecção de biomodelos, próteses e até mesmo impressões tridimensionais de regiões internas do corpo como um crânio para que os cirurgiões possam estudar o paciente antes mesmo de operá-los, reduzindo assim horas de cirurgias. Este trabalho permitiu a criação de protótipos de órteses com a função de imobilizar os membros inferiores e superiores. Para a confecção do imobilizador para o membro inferior foi utilizado um exame de Tomografia Computadorizada em linguagem (DICOM) disponível pela empresa OsiriX. A partir destas imagens foi criado um modelo tridimensional pelo software livre chamado InVesalius 3.0 e modelado em outro software livre chamado Meshmixer para assim ser impresso em 3D. Para a confecção do segundo imobilizador do membro superior, foi utilizado o aparelho Kinect One que digitalizou o membro superior e exportou o molde para o software Meshmixer, assim foi modelado e pode ser impresso na impressora 3D Prusa I3 que utiliza a técnica de Modelagem por Fusão e Deposição (FDM).
In the area of orthopedics the search for new technological advances has been very little and people who need devices such as orthotics end up suffering more due to the high cost of orthopedic appliances. Most of the population that has pathologies suffers from not having enough income to acquire these devices and end up aggravating these pathologies. This study seeks to innovate and propose the use of new technologies to develop orthotics for this low income population. A low cost technology that can be implemented in the public network. Through the analyzes made by professionals of the area as orthopedists and therapists in the two-dimensional images of the patient's examinations consulted, using devices with the Reverse Engineering technique it will be possible to scan the affected limb or position them properly so that the Personalized bracing template. These devices allow you to use data from exams already done such as Ultrasound, MRI, Tomography or X-ray and convert them into three-dimensional models. The objective of this project is to use these Reverse Engineering techniques to digitize the limb in need of assistance and to make the orthoses with Additive Manufacturing technology, a technology that has been developing rapidly in recent years and allowing to manufacture directly any part or object through A three-dimensional modeling file. Nowadays, Additive Manufacturing has been used in several areas such as Architecture and Arts, Product Design, Mechanical Engineering, among others. In the area of Medicine, this technology has been used to make biomodelos, prostheses and even three-dimensional impressions of internal regions of the body like a skull so that the surgeons can study the patient before even operating them, thus reducing hours of surgeries. This work allowed the creation of prototypes of orthoses with the function of immobilizing the lower and upper limbs. A Computerized Tomography (DICOM) examination was performed by the company OsiriX to prepare the immobilizer for the lower limb. From these images was created a three-dimensional model by free software called InVesalius 3.0 and modeled in other free software called Meshmixer to be printed in 3D. For the manufacture of the second immobilizer of the upper limb, the Kinect One device was used, which scanned the upper limb and exported the mold to the Meshmixer software, so it was modeled and can be printed on the Prusa I3 3D printer that uses the Fusion Modeling technique And Deposition (FDM).
In the area of orthopedics the search for new technological advances has been very little and people who need devices such as orthotics end up suffering more due to the high cost of orthopedic appliances. Most of the population that has pathologies suffers from not having enough income to acquire these devices and end up aggravating these pathologies. This study seeks to innovate and propose the use of new technologies to develop orthotics for this low income population. A low cost technology that can be implemented in the public network. Through the analyzes made by professionals of the area as orthopedists and therapists in the two-dimensional images of the patient's examinations consulted, using devices with the Reverse Engineering technique it will be possible to scan the affected limb or position them properly so that the Personalized bracing template. These devices allow you to use data from exams already done such as Ultrasound, MRI, Tomography or X-ray and convert them into three-dimensional models. The objective of this project is to use these Reverse Engineering techniques to digitize the limb in need of assistance and to make the orthoses with Additive Manufacturing technology, a technology that has been developing rapidly in recent years and allowing to manufacture directly any part or object through A three-dimensional modeling file. Nowadays, Additive Manufacturing has been used in several areas such as Architecture and Arts, Product Design, Mechanical Engineering, among others. In the area of Medicine, this technology has been used to make biomodelos, prostheses and even three-dimensional impressions of internal regions of the body like a skull so that the surgeons can study the patient before even operating them, thus reducing hours of surgeries. This work allowed the creation of prototypes of orthoses with the function of immobilizing the lower and upper limbs. A Computerized Tomography (DICOM) examination was performed by the company OsiriX to prepare the immobilizer for the lower limb. From these images was created a three-dimensional model by free software called InVesalius 3.0 and modeled in other free software called Meshmixer to be printed in 3D. For the manufacture of the second immobilizer of the upper limb, the Kinect One device was used, which scanned the upper limb and exported the mold to the Meshmixer software, so it was modeled and can be printed on the Prusa I3 3D printer that uses the Fusion Modeling technique And Deposition (FDM).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Engenharia reversa, Órteses, Imobilizadores ortopédicos, Manufatura aditiva, Impressão 3D, Reverse engineering, Orthotics, Orthopedic immobilizers, Additive manufacturing, 3D printing