Cerâmicas feldspáticas estratificadas e em blocos para sistema CAD/CAM: avaliação da topografia superficial, formação de biofilme inicial e viabilidade celular
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Data
2017-01-19
Autores
Contreras, Lisseth Patricia Claudio [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a topografia e a formação de biofilme na superfície de cerâmicas feldspáticas obtidas através de duas técnicas de confecção e dois tratamentos de superfície, assim como avaliar a viabilidade do crescimento de fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) sobre estes materiais. Foram confeccionados 52 blocos de cada tipo de cerâmica feldspática: VM9 obtida através da técnica da estratificação e cerâmica Vita Blocs Mark II (VMII) para o sistema CAD/CAM (ambas, Vita Zahnfabrik). As superfícies dos blocos foram padronizadas em politriz nas dimensões de 4,5 x 4,5 x 1,5 mm e os blocos foram divididos em dois tratamentos de finalização de superfície: polimento com borrachas Ceramisté + pasta de polimento e aplicação de glaze spray + sinterização. Os parâmetros de rugosidade Ra e Rsm foram mensurados através de um rugosímetro de contato. As amostras foram esterilizadas e, em seguida contaminadas (n=10) para formação de biofilme heterotípico inicial de S. mutans, S. sanguinis e C. albicans, cuja aderência foi quantificada por contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC/mL). O teste MTT foi empregado para avaliação da viabilidade celular dos materiais ao crescimento de fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) em 24 h e 7 dias (n=12). Foram realizadas análises qualitativas da superfície dos espécimes através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e perfilometria óptica 3D. A energia livre de superfície (ELS) foi calculada a partir de análises de goniômetria com líquidos polar e apolar em 10 amostras de 15 x 1 5 x 1,5 mm. Os resultados de Ra, RSm e ELS foram submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA 2 fatores (material x tratamento de superfície) seguido por teste de Tukey (ambos, α=95%), e os dados de UFC fatores (material x tratamento x micro-organismos) e MTT (material x tratamento x tempo) foram avaliados por ANOVA 3 fatores e teste Tukey (α=95%). As imagens de MEV e perfilometria foram descritas. As cerâmicas polidas apresentaram menor rugosidade (Ra p=0,015; RSm p=0,049) e maior ELS (p=0,00), sendo que a mais alta Ra foi verificada para VM9 glazeada. A aderência bacteriana foi influenciada pela interação de todos os fatores (p=0,018). Os Streptococcus formaram em maior número em todos os materiais, mas sobre VMII polida não houve aderência de C. albicans. Inicialmente, os materiais apresentaram ausência de citotoxicidade, mas a viabilidade celular de todos os grupos foi reduzida após 7 dias (p=0,00). As micrografias mostram que a aderência de micro-organismos ocorreu independente de irregularidades na topografia dos materiais, e as imagens de perfilometria ressaltaram o padrão de ranhuras das amostras polidas e o acúmulo de glaze em “ilhas” nas amostras glazeadas. Foi possível concluir que ambas técnicas de obtenção resultam em cerâmicas feldspáticas biocompatíveis e que a finalização da superfície por polimento resultou em menor rugosidade média, maior ELS e menor aderência de C. albicans.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the topography and surface biofilm formation of feldspathic ceramics obtained through two techniques of preparation and two surface treatments, as well as to evaluate the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) growth on these materials. A total of 52 blocks of each type of feldspathic ceramic were made: VM9 obtained by the stratification technique and Vita Blocs Mark II (VMII) for the CAD/CAM system (both, Vita Zahnfabrik). The blocks’ surfaces were standardized in a polishing machine to the dimensions of 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 mm and blocks were divided into two surface finishing treatments: polishing with Ceramisté rubbers + polishing with paste; and glaze application + sintering. The Ra and RSm roughness parameters were measured through a contact rugosimeter. Samples were sterilized and then contaminated (n = 10) for initial heterotypic biofilm formation of S. mutans, S. sanguinis and C. albicans, whose adherence was quantified by counting colony forming units (CFU/mL). The MTT test was used to evaluate the cellular viability of the materials to the growth of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) in 24 h and 7 days (n=12). Qualitative analyzes of the specimens’ surface were performed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D optical profilometry. Surface free energy (SFE) was calculated from goniometry analyzes of polar and apolar liquids in 10 samples of 15 x 15 x 1.5 mm. The results of Ra, RSm and ELS were subjected to 2-way ANOVA (Material x surface treatment) followed by Tukey’s test (both, α=95%), and UFC (material x surface treatment x microorganisms) and MTT (material x surfacetreatment x time) data were evaluated by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=95%). SEM and profilometry images were described. The polished ceramics presented lower roughness (Ra p=0.015; RSm p=0.049) and higher SFE (p=0.00), with the highest Ra being verified for glazed VM9. Bacterial adherence was influenced by the interaction of all factors (p=0.018). Streptococcus formed in greater number in all materials, but on polished VMII there was no adherence of C. albicans. Initially, the materials showed no cytotoxicity, but the cell viability of all groups was reduced after 7 days (p=0.00). Micrographs showed that microorganisms adherence occurred regardless of irregularities in the topography of the materials, and the profilometry images emphasized the grooved pattern of the polished samples and the glaze accumulation in "islands" in glazed samples. The surface treatments had greater influence than the technique of making the feldsphapatic ceramics. It could be concluded that both obtaining techniques resulted in biocompatible feldsphatic ceramics and that the surface finishing by polishing resulted in lower mean roughness, higher SFE and lower C. albicans adhesion.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the topography and surface biofilm formation of feldspathic ceramics obtained through two techniques of preparation and two surface treatments, as well as to evaluate the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) growth on these materials. A total of 52 blocks of each type of feldspathic ceramic were made: VM9 obtained by the stratification technique and Vita Blocs Mark II (VMII) for the CAD/CAM system (both, Vita Zahnfabrik). The blocks’ surfaces were standardized in a polishing machine to the dimensions of 4.5 x 4.5 x 1.5 mm and blocks were divided into two surface finishing treatments: polishing with Ceramisté rubbers + polishing with paste; and glaze application + sintering. The Ra and RSm roughness parameters were measured through a contact rugosimeter. Samples were sterilized and then contaminated (n = 10) for initial heterotypic biofilm formation of S. mutans, S. sanguinis and C. albicans, whose adherence was quantified by counting colony forming units (CFU/mL). The MTT test was used to evaluate the cellular viability of the materials to the growth of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) in 24 h and 7 days (n=12). Qualitative analyzes of the specimens’ surface were performed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D optical profilometry. Surface free energy (SFE) was calculated from goniometry analyzes of polar and apolar liquids in 10 samples of 15 x 15 x 1.5 mm. The results of Ra, RSm and ELS were subjected to 2-way ANOVA (Material x surface treatment) followed by Tukey’s test (both, α=95%), and UFC (material x surface treatment x microorganisms) and MTT (material x surfacetreatment x time) data were evaluated by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=95%). SEM and profilometry images were described. The polished ceramics presented lower roughness (Ra p=0.015; RSm p=0.049) and higher SFE (p=0.00), with the highest Ra being verified for glazed VM9. Bacterial adherence was influenced by the interaction of all factors (p=0.018). Streptococcus formed in greater number in all materials, but on polished VMII there was no adherence of C. albicans. Initially, the materials showed no cytotoxicity, but the cell viability of all groups was reduced after 7 days (p=0.00). Micrographs showed that microorganisms adherence occurred regardless of irregularities in the topography of the materials, and the profilometry images emphasized the grooved pattern of the polished samples and the glaze accumulation in "islands" in glazed samples. The surface treatments had greater influence than the technique of making the feldsphapatic ceramics. It could be concluded that both obtaining techniques resulted in biocompatible feldsphatic ceramics and that the surface finishing by polishing resulted in lower mean roughness, higher SFE and lower C. albicans adhesion.
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Palavras-chave
Técnicas de cultura de células, Porcelana dental, Candida albicans, Surface properties, Cell culture techniques, Dental porcelain, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Propriedades de superfície