Proposta de uma ferramenta para análise de princípios de sustentabilidade social no design e desenvolvimento de embalagens
Data
2017-01-06
Autores
Maldonado, Monica de Albuquerque [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aspecto social é possivelmente o menos desenvolvido dos três pilares da sustentabilidade. Pesquisas realizadas anteriormente priorizam os assuntos ambientais e econômicos. O interesse ao desenvolvimento de embalagens tem aumentado recentemente, com vários programas e iniciativas que instigam o aprimoramento da sustentabilidade das embalagens. O desenvolvimento de embalagem sustentável deveria considerar indicadores e critérios de embalagens considerando o ciclo de vida do produto e da embalagem. Poucos trabalhos, no entanto, discutem a questão de embalagens e sustentabilidade considerando o ponto de vista da cadeia de suprimentos, mas as decisões tomadas no início do ciclo-de-vida da embalagem e do produto afetam diretamente a sustentabilidade e seu impacto sobre desempenho e custos na cadeia de suprimentos pode ser devastador. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa busca contribuir com o entendimento dos aspectos de sustentabilidade social em embalagens. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é propor uma ferramenta para análise da sustentabilidade social em embalagens, com base na relação entre 20 critérios de embalagens e 3 princípios de sustentabilidade social (justiça, igualdade/equidade e transparência) considerados no design/desenvolvimento de embalagens. A ferramenta proposta é um questionário, que foi respondido por associados da Associação Brasileira de Embalagens, com o intuito de exemplificar a aplicação da ferramenta. Os resultados foram analisados e apresentados em gráficos do tipo radar, que permitem uma melhor visualização das questões abordadas em cada princípio. No entanto, devido à diversidade de questões e abrangência do tema, a maioria das embalagens analisadas, deve possuir, eventualmente, elementos de sustentabilidade social. Contudo, uma embalagem socialmente sustentável deve considerar, nos processos de design e desenvolvimento, uma justa distribuição dos recursos na sociedade, igualdade de diereitos estabelecidos e acesso à informação e oportunidade para participação. Além disso, como a sociedade está “inserida” no meio ambiente, a discussão de práticas de sustentabilidade ambiental é importante para a sustentabilidade social.
The social aspect is possibly the least developed of the three pillars of sustainability. Previous research prioritizes environmental and economic issues. The interest in packaging development has increased recently, with several programs and initiatives that instigate the improvement of packaging sustainability. The development of sustainable packaging should consider indicators and packaging criteria considering the product’s and packaging’s life cycle. Few papers, however, discuss packaging and sustainability from a supply chain perspective, but decisions taken early in the packaging and product life cycle affect directly sustainability and its impact on performance and costs in the supply chain can be devastating. In this context, this research seeks to contribute to the understanding of social sustainability aspects in packaging. The main objective of this work is to propose a tool for the analysis of social sustainability in packaging, based on the relationship between 20 packaging criteria and 3 principles of social sustainability (fairness, equality/equity and transparency) on packaging design / development. The proposed tool is a questionnaire, which was answered by members of the Brazilian Association of Packaging, with the purpose of exemplifying the application of the tool. The results were analyzed and presented in radar type charts, which allow a better visualization of the issues addressed in each principle. However, due to the diversity of issues and scope of the theme, most of the packages analyzed should have, possibly, elements of social sustainability. However, a socially sustainable package should consider, in design and development processes, a fair distribution of resources in society, equality of established rights and access to information and opportunity for participation. In addition, as society is "inserted" in the environment, the discussion of environmental sustainability practices is important for social sustainability.
The social aspect is possibly the least developed of the three pillars of sustainability. Previous research prioritizes environmental and economic issues. The interest in packaging development has increased recently, with several programs and initiatives that instigate the improvement of packaging sustainability. The development of sustainable packaging should consider indicators and packaging criteria considering the product’s and packaging’s life cycle. Few papers, however, discuss packaging and sustainability from a supply chain perspective, but decisions taken early in the packaging and product life cycle affect directly sustainability and its impact on performance and costs in the supply chain can be devastating. In this context, this research seeks to contribute to the understanding of social sustainability aspects in packaging. The main objective of this work is to propose a tool for the analysis of social sustainability in packaging, based on the relationship between 20 packaging criteria and 3 principles of social sustainability (fairness, equality/equity and transparency) on packaging design / development. The proposed tool is a questionnaire, which was answered by members of the Brazilian Association of Packaging, with the purpose of exemplifying the application of the tool. The results were analyzed and presented in radar type charts, which allow a better visualization of the issues addressed in each principle. However, due to the diversity of issues and scope of the theme, most of the packages analyzed should have, possibly, elements of social sustainability. However, a socially sustainable package should consider, in design and development processes, a fair distribution of resources in society, equality of established rights and access to information and opportunity for participation. In addition, as society is "inserted" in the environment, the discussion of environmental sustainability practices is important for social sustainability.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sustentabilidade social, Embalagem sustentável, Desenvolvimento, Social sustainability, Sustainable packaging, Development