Disponibilidade de fatores de produção e desempenho agronômico de culturas em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta
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2017-02-03
Autores
Franco, Fernando Oliveira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) consiste na integração das atividades agrícola, pecuária e florestal. Esta integração faz com que ocorram interações entre as atividades, produzindo efeitos sinérgicos, nulos ou antagônicos, a cerca dos fatores de produção. A magnitude destes efeitos apresenta variabilidade espacial, temporal e dependem de características especificas de cada componente que compõe o sistema ILPF. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como hipótese que diferentes espécies e cultivares arbóreas, assim como posição espacial e temporal afetam de maneria diferente os fatores de produção, causando distintas interações entre as espécies que compõem o sistema ILPF e consequentemente influenciando em suas produtividades. Apresentou como objetivos: 1 – avaliar o desenvolvimento de uma espécie e um cultivar de eucalipto (componente florestal) em distintas posições espaciais no renque; 2 – avaliar o efeito do componente florestal nos fatores de produção relacionados às culturas anuais no sistema ILPF; 3 – avaliar o desempenho agronômico das culturas anuais (componente agrícola) e forrageiras (componente pecuário) no sistema ILPF; 4 – comparar o sistema ILPF com ILP (integração lavoura-pecuária) em relação aos fatores de produção; e 5 – avaliar o resultado das interações entre os componentes do sistema ILPF em relação ao sistema ILP. O estudo foi realizado no município de Jaboticabal, SP no período de janeiro de 2014 a agosto de 2016. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o do tipo sistemático, contudo, para aplicação dos testes estatísticos foi considerado como se em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Para a avaliação do componente florestal foram considerados como tratamentos às linhas de árvores posicionadas ao norte e ao sul do renque. Para a avaliação do desenvolvimento dos demais componentes do sistema ILPF, assim como, da disponibilidade dos fatores de produção, foram considerados como tratamento a combinação entre as posições norte e sul e as proximidades P2,5, P5,5 e P8,5 em relação ao renque e o sistema ILP, como tratamento adicional. O sistema ILPF1, formado pelo clone I144 e o sistema ILPF2, formado pelo Corymbia citriodora foram comparados entre si pela análise conjunta dos dados. 1 – Em sistema ILPF o clone I144 cresce mais que a espécie Corymbia citriodora, especialamente na linha ao norte do renque, após 18 meses de idade; 2 – A disponibilidade de luz, cálcio e magnésio na faixa de um a três metros entre os renques no sistema ILPF é reduzida após 6 meses de idade das espécies florestais. Em contra partida há nesta posição, melhoria da qualidade física do solo, assim como, aumento nos teores de P e K; 3 – O componente florestal reduziu a produtividade das culturas semeadas na faixa entre 1 e 7 metros do renque, após 18 meses de idade das espécies arbóreas; 4 – O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta composto pela espécie C. citriodora possibilitou maior disponibilidade dos fatores naturais de produção para as espécies semeadas entre os renques; 5 – A interação sinérgica entre a espécie C. citriodora e a cultura do milho foi observada até a segunda safra, enquanto que a sinergia entre o clone I144 e a cultura do milho se limitou ao primeiro plantio. Após 19 meses de idade do componente florestal há sinergia entre as espécies florestais e o capim marandu.
The crop-livestock-forest integration system (ILPF) consists of the integration of agricultural, livestock and forestry activities. This integration causes interactions between activities to occur, producing synergistic, null or antagonistic effects, around the factors of production. The magnitude of these effects presents spatial and temporal variability and depend on the specific characteristics of each component that makes up the ILPF system. Thus, the present work hypothesized that different tree species and cultivars, as well as spatial and temporal position, affect the production factors differently, causing different interactions between the species that make up the ILPF system and consequently influencing its productivities. He presented as objectives: 1 - to evaluate the development of a species and a cultivar of eucalyptus (forest component) in different spatial positions in the frog; 2 - to evaluate the effect of the forest component on the production factors related to annual crops in the ILPF system; 3 - to evaluate the agronomic performance of the annual crops (agricultural component) and fodder (livestock component) in the ILPF system; 4 - to compare the ILPF system with ILP (crop-livestock integration) in relation to the factors of production; and 5 - to evaluate the result of the interactions between the components of the ILPF system in relation to the ILP system. The study was carried out in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, between January 2014 and August 2016. The experimental design used was of the systematic type, however, for the application of the statistical tests was consider as if in a completely randomized design. For the evaluation of the forest component were consider as treatments to the tree lines positioned to the north and the south of the row. In order to evaluate the development of the other components of the ILPF system, as well as the availability of the factors of production, the combination between the north and south positions and the proximities P2,5, P5,5 and P8,5 were considered as a treatment and the ILP system as additional treatment. The ILPF1 system, formed by the clone I144 and the ILPF2 system, formed by Corymbia citriodora were compar to each other by the analysis of the data. 1 - In ILPF system clone I144 grows more than the species Corymbia citriodora, especially in the line to the north of the frog, after 18 months of age; 2 - The availability of light, calcium and magnesium in the range of one to three meters between the renques in the ILPF system is reduced after 6 months of the forest species. On the contrary, there is in this position, improvement of the physical quality of the soil, as well as, increase in the levels of P and K; 3 - The forest component reduced the productivity of crops sown in the range between 1 and 7 meters of the frog, after 18 months of age of the tree species; 4 - The crop-livestock-forest integration system composed of the species C. citriodora allowed greater availability of the natural production factors for the species sown among the species; 5 - The synergistic interaction between C. citriodora and maize was observed until the second harvest, while the synergy between clone I144 and maize was limited to the first planting. After 19 months of the forest component there is synergy between forest species and Marandu grass.
The crop-livestock-forest integration system (ILPF) consists of the integration of agricultural, livestock and forestry activities. This integration causes interactions between activities to occur, producing synergistic, null or antagonistic effects, around the factors of production. The magnitude of these effects presents spatial and temporal variability and depend on the specific characteristics of each component that makes up the ILPF system. Thus, the present work hypothesized that different tree species and cultivars, as well as spatial and temporal position, affect the production factors differently, causing different interactions between the species that make up the ILPF system and consequently influencing its productivities. He presented as objectives: 1 - to evaluate the development of a species and a cultivar of eucalyptus (forest component) in different spatial positions in the frog; 2 - to evaluate the effect of the forest component on the production factors related to annual crops in the ILPF system; 3 - to evaluate the agronomic performance of the annual crops (agricultural component) and fodder (livestock component) in the ILPF system; 4 - to compare the ILPF system with ILP (crop-livestock integration) in relation to the factors of production; and 5 - to evaluate the result of the interactions between the components of the ILPF system in relation to the ILP system. The study was carried out in the municipality of Jaboticabal, SP, between January 2014 and August 2016. The experimental design used was of the systematic type, however, for the application of the statistical tests was consider as if in a completely randomized design. For the evaluation of the forest component were consider as treatments to the tree lines positioned to the north and the south of the row. In order to evaluate the development of the other components of the ILPF system, as well as the availability of the factors of production, the combination between the north and south positions and the proximities P2,5, P5,5 and P8,5 were considered as a treatment and the ILP system as additional treatment. The ILPF1 system, formed by the clone I144 and the ILPF2 system, formed by Corymbia citriodora were compar to each other by the analysis of the data. 1 - In ILPF system clone I144 grows more than the species Corymbia citriodora, especially in the line to the north of the frog, after 18 months of age; 2 - The availability of light, calcium and magnesium in the range of one to three meters between the renques in the ILPF system is reduced after 6 months of the forest species. On the contrary, there is in this position, improvement of the physical quality of the soil, as well as, increase in the levels of P and K; 3 - The forest component reduced the productivity of crops sown in the range between 1 and 7 meters of the frog, after 18 months of age of the tree species; 4 - The crop-livestock-forest integration system composed of the species C. citriodora allowed greater availability of the natural production factors for the species sown among the species; 5 - The synergistic interaction between C. citriodora and maize was observed until the second harvest, while the synergy between clone I144 and maize was limited to the first planting. After 19 months of the forest component there is synergy between forest species and Marandu grass.
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Corymbia citriodora, Zea mays, Glicyne max, Urochloa brizantha, Urograndis, Agrossilvipastoril, Sustentabilidade, Agrosilvopastoral, Sustainability