Marcadores do equilíbrio oxidativo e celularidade do lavado broncoalveolar de equinos mantidos em baias com dois tipos de cama e a pasto e identificação de agentes fúngicos das camas e do feno
Carregando...
Arquivos
Data
2017-02-03
Autores
Canello, Vinícius Athaydes [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O grande desafio do sistema de defesa respiratório é a manutenção dos animais em baias. Pois, devido a diversos fatores, acaba por aumentar as chances do desenvolvimento de afecções respiratórias e a qualidade do material utilizado como cama é fator agravante. Diante disto, três grupos com 5 equinos cada foram submetidos a 45 dias sob o mesmo manejo, sendo dois grupos estabulados com diferentes tipos de cama, um com maravalha esterilizada (ME) e o outro com maravalha não esterilizada (MNE), e o terceiro grupo a pasto (Pasto). Foram realizadas análises do lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) (celularidade e marcadores de estresse oxidativo) e hemograma antes do início do manejo (Basal) e posteriormente a cada 15 dias (M15, M30 e M45). Também foi avaliada a presença de gêneros fúngicos nas amostras de cama, e do feno utilizado na alimentação dos animais. Os hemogramas permaneceram dentro dos valores da normalidade. Os valores obtidos de malondialdeído (MDA) e ácido úrico no LBA não apresentaram diferença entre os momentos e grupos avaliados. A vitamina C no LBA apresentou queda em seus valores em M30. Os três grupos apresentaram queda nas concentrações de glutationa reduzida em M30, tendo havido diferença significativas entre os grupos Pasto e MNE. Os grupos ME e MNE apresentaram queda nos valores de glutationa oxidada em M45, já o grupo Pasto apresentou queda constante a partir de M15, com diferença significativa em relação ao grupo ME em M30. A superóxido dismutase apresentou aumento em M30 no grupo MNE, levando a diferença significativa em relação aos grupos Pasto e ME. A glutationa peroxidase no LBA apresentou queda significativa no grupo ME em M45. Quanto a celularidade do LBA a contagem de células nucleadas totais e eosinófilos não apresentaram diferenças significativas. O grupo ME apresentou elevação nos valores de neutrófilos em M30, levando a diferença significativa em relação aos grupos MNE e Pasto, já o grupo MNE apresentou queda significativa em M45. Os grupos ME e MNE apresentaram queda nos valores de linfócitos no LBA em M30, já o grupo Pasto apresentou queda em M15. O grupo Pasto apresentou aumento dos macrófagos no LBA em M15 e M30. As análises das amostras de cama e feno apresentaram baixas porcentagens de gêneros fúngicos. Grande parte das alterações apresentadas ocorreram em M30, momento em que foram registradas as menores temperaturas e maiores velocidades dos ventos durante todo período experimental, o que possivelmente levou a um desequilíbrio oxidativo pontual, com pequenas variações na celularidade do LBA. Acredita-se que o manejo, as boas condições de higiene e ventilação das baias tenham contribuído para que não houvesse o desenvolvimento de alterações inflamatórias no sistema respiratório dos animais avaliados. Deste modo, podemos concluir que não houve diferenças significativas na manutenção dos animais nos diferentes tipos de cama em relação a resposta inflamatória, estresse oxidativo e desenvolvimento fúngico.
The great challenge of the respiratory defense system is the maintenance of animals in stalls, which due to several factors ends up increasing the chances of development of respiratory diseases. The quality of the material used as bed is an aggravating factor. Three groups of 5 horses were submitted to 45 days under the same management, and two groups were housed with different types of beds, one with sterilized wood shaving (ME) and the other with unsterilized wood shaving (MNE), and the third group was maintened in the pasture. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and hemoglobin analyzes were performed before baseline and then every 15 days (M15, M30 and M45). It was also evaluated the possible presence of fungal genera in bed samples, and in hay used in animal feeding. The hemograms remained within normal values. The values of malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid in BALF showed no difference between the moments and groups evaluated. Vitamin C in BALF showed a decrease in M30 values. The three groups showed a decrease in the concentrations of glutathione reduced in M30, and there were significant differences between the groups pasture and MNE. The ME and MNE groups showed a decrease in the values of oxidized glutathione in M45, whereas the pasture group presented a constant drop from M15, with a significant difference in relation to the ME group in M30. Superoxide dismutase increased in M30 in the MNE group, leading to a significant difference in relation to the pasture and ME groups. Glutathione peroxidase in BALF showed a significant decrease in the ME group in M45. As for the cellularity of BALF, total nucleated and eosinophil counts did not showed significant differences. The ME group presented elevation in neutrophil values in M30, leading to a significant difference in relation to the MNE and pasture groups, whereas the MNE group presented a significant decrease in M45. The ME and MNE groups presented a decrease in lymphocyte values in the BALF in M30, whereas the pasture group presented a decrease in M15. The pasture group presented increase of the macrophages in the BALF in M15 and M30. Bed and hay samples showed low percentages of fungal genera. Most of the alterations presented occurred in M30, at which time the lowest temperatures were recorded throughout the experimental period, possibly leading to a punctual oxidative imbalance, with small variations in BALF cellularity. It is believed that management, good conditions of hygiene and ventilation of the boxes contributed to the no development of inflammatory changes in the respiratory system of the animals evaluated. Thus, we can conclude that there were no significant differences in the maintenance of the animals in the different types of bed in relation to the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and fungal development.
The great challenge of the respiratory defense system is the maintenance of animals in stalls, which due to several factors ends up increasing the chances of development of respiratory diseases. The quality of the material used as bed is an aggravating factor. Three groups of 5 horses were submitted to 45 days under the same management, and two groups were housed with different types of beds, one with sterilized wood shaving (ME) and the other with unsterilized wood shaving (MNE), and the third group was maintened in the pasture. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and hemoglobin analyzes were performed before baseline and then every 15 days (M15, M30 and M45). It was also evaluated the possible presence of fungal genera in bed samples, and in hay used in animal feeding. The hemograms remained within normal values. The values of malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid in BALF showed no difference between the moments and groups evaluated. Vitamin C in BALF showed a decrease in M30 values. The three groups showed a decrease in the concentrations of glutathione reduced in M30, and there were significant differences between the groups pasture and MNE. The ME and MNE groups showed a decrease in the values of oxidized glutathione in M45, whereas the pasture group presented a constant drop from M15, with a significant difference in relation to the ME group in M30. Superoxide dismutase increased in M30 in the MNE group, leading to a significant difference in relation to the pasture and ME groups. Glutathione peroxidase in BALF showed a significant decrease in the ME group in M45. As for the cellularity of BALF, total nucleated and eosinophil counts did not showed significant differences. The ME group presented elevation in neutrophil values in M30, leading to a significant difference in relation to the MNE and pasture groups, whereas the MNE group presented a significant decrease in M45. The ME and MNE groups presented a decrease in lymphocyte values in the BALF in M30, whereas the pasture group presented a decrease in M15. The pasture group presented increase of the macrophages in the BALF in M15 and M30. Bed and hay samples showed low percentages of fungal genera. Most of the alterations presented occurred in M30, at which time the lowest temperatures were recorded throughout the experimental period, possibly leading to a punctual oxidative imbalance, with small variations in BALF cellularity. It is believed that management, good conditions of hygiene and ventilation of the boxes contributed to the no development of inflammatory changes in the respiratory system of the animals evaluated. Thus, we can conclude that there were no significant differences in the maintenance of the animals in the different types of bed in relation to the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and fungal development.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Alérgenos, Baia, Cavalo, Estresse oxidativo, Maravalha, Trato respiratório inferior, Allergens, Stall, Horse, Oxidative stress, Wood shaving, Lower respiratory tract