Estudo do comportamento em co-cultivo dos fungos Fusarium solani e Phomopsis cassiae isolados de Senna spectabilis
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Data
2017-02-20
Autores
Fernandes, Richard Perosa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, a busca por compostos bioativos oriundos de rotas metabólicas silenciadas (em microrganismos) tem levado o desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas analíticas assim como a aplicação de diferentes metodologias. Uma das mais importantes estratégias para acessar tal produção metabólica é o uso de cultivos em co-cultura, onde a interação entre dois ou mais microrganismos pode mimetizar, de certa maneira, as relações tróficas existentes na natureza. A relação de competição por nutrientes e espaço leva a produção de enzimas e compostos relativos a um determinado tipo de interação que pode estar relacionado a reprodução, inibição de crescimento ou estimulação. Neste trabalho, foi realizado o co-cultivo entre os fungos Fusarium solani e Phomopsis cassiae, ambos isolados da Senna spectabilis. A investigação foi direcionada ao encontro de novos produtos naturais biossitentizados pelas espécies em co-cultivo. Para isso, os fungos foram cultivados em meio sólido de batata dextrose ágar. O acompanhamento do crescimento dos fungos visou a observação de possíveis distinções morfológicas de acordo com nível de interação. Os perfis metabólicos dos microrganismos foram obtidos através do uso de técnicas do estado da arte em CLAE-DAD, CG-EM e RMN. Para os fungos em co-cultivo foi possível determinar a presença de cinco substâncias quando comparado aos cultivos isoladamente pela técnica de CLAE-DAD com o auxílio das ferramentas quimiometricas. Os espectros obtidos por RMN de 1H propiciaram a visualização da existência de sinais únicos presentes no experimento de co-cultivo, porém, sua proporção minoritária impossibilitou a correlação ou identificação dos sinais. A técnica de CG-EM propiciou a sugestão de 30 substâncias através da comparação com o banco de dados NIST.
In recent years, the search for new bioactive compounds has increased the need to develop several methods of analysis, aiming to activate metabolic routes silenced in microorganisms. An important strategy to access the production of distinct secondary mebatolites is co-culture, where the interaction between two or more microorganisms occurs, mimicking, to a certain extent, the relationships existing in nature. The competition for nutrients and space leads to the production of enzymes and compounds, which are related to the type of interaction (reproduction, inhibition of growth or stimulation). In this work, co-cultivation was carried out between the fungi Fusarium solani and Phomopsis cassiae, both isolated from Senna spectabilis’s. The research was directed to the encounter of new natural products biossentetized by the species in co-cultivation. For this, the fungi were cultivated in the solid batata dextrose ágar medium, being monitored their growth in order to observe possible distinctions in their morphologies when the interaction occurs. The metabolites profiles of the microorganisms were observed through the LC-DAD, GC-MS and NMR techniques. For the fungi in co-culture it was possible to determine the presence of five substances when compared to the cultures alone by the CLAE-DAD technique with the help of chemometric tools. The spectra obtained by 1H NMR allowed the visualization of the existence of unique signals present in the co-cultivation experiment, however, its minority proportion made it impossible to correlate or identify the signals. The CG-EM technique provided the suggestion of 30 substances by comparison with the NIST database.
In recent years, the search for new bioactive compounds has increased the need to develop several methods of analysis, aiming to activate metabolic routes silenced in microorganisms. An important strategy to access the production of distinct secondary mebatolites is co-culture, where the interaction between two or more microorganisms occurs, mimicking, to a certain extent, the relationships existing in nature. The competition for nutrients and space leads to the production of enzymes and compounds, which are related to the type of interaction (reproduction, inhibition of growth or stimulation). In this work, co-cultivation was carried out between the fungi Fusarium solani and Phomopsis cassiae, both isolated from Senna spectabilis’s. The research was directed to the encounter of new natural products biossentetized by the species in co-cultivation. For this, the fungi were cultivated in the solid batata dextrose ágar medium, being monitored their growth in order to observe possible distinctions in their morphologies when the interaction occurs. The metabolites profiles of the microorganisms were observed through the LC-DAD, GC-MS and NMR techniques. For the fungi in co-culture it was possible to determine the presence of five substances when compared to the cultures alone by the CLAE-DAD technique with the help of chemometric tools. The spectra obtained by 1H NMR allowed the visualization of the existence of unique signals present in the co-cultivation experiment, however, its minority proportion made it impossible to correlate or identify the signals. The CG-EM technique provided the suggestion of 30 substances by comparison with the NIST database.
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Palavras-chave
Microorganismos, Fungos-cultura e meios de cultura, Compostos bioativos, Quimiometria, Metabólitos