Análise da heterogeneidade dos mastócitos e expressão da proteína Anexina A1 e receptores FPR em variáveis clínico-patológicas de lesões uterinas
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2017-03-02
Autores
Costa, Sara de Souza [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As lesões uterinas são causas importantes de desconforto, infertilidade e óbito entre as mulheres no Brasil e no mundo. O câncer de endométrio é um tumor maligno frequente e sua incidência vem aumentando nas últimas décadas. Enquanto, o tumor uterino benigno mais comum, o leiomioma, acomete cerca de 40% das mulheres na idade reprodutiva, sendo relacionado à menorragia, dismenorreia e infertilidade. Investigações indicam que o microambiente tumoral é crucial para o avanço do câncer, sendo caracterizado, principalmente, pela composição alterada da matriz extracelular, alta densidade de microvasos e abundância de células inflamatórias, como mastócitos (MCs). MCs desgranulados liberam fatores quimiotáticos e proteases, como triptase e quimase, para o meio extracelular, contribuindo na degradação da matriz extracelular, promoção da angiogênese, propiciando ambiente favorável para invasão tumoral e remodelação tecidual por meio de proteólises seletivas na matriz e ativação de metaloproteinases. Outro aspecto importante no crescimento tumoral é a proteína anti-inflamatória Anexina A1 (ANXA1), relacionada à regulação dos processos de crescimento e migração/invasão celular, sendo seus efeitos mediados por receptores para peptídeos formilados (FPRs), especialmente FPR1 e FPR2. Diante da importância dos MCs e da ANXA1/FPR no desenvolvimento tumoral, o objetivo desta investigação foi analisar a heterogeneidade dos MCs e a expressão das proteínas ANXA1, FPR1 e FPR2 em biópsias humanas das variáveis clínico-patológicas de útero normal: hiperplasia endometrial simples (HES), adenomiose, leiomiomas e adenocarcinoma (ADC) endometrial de graus I e II. Os MCs foram quantificados de acordo com seu estado de ativação e expressão das proteases triptase e quimase. A expressão da ANXA1 e seus receptores FPR1 e FPR2 nos MCs e tecidos uterinos foram analisadas nas diferentes biópsias estudadas. Nossos resultados mostraram MCs intactos e desgranulados, no endométrio e miométrio normais e aumentados na HES, margens tumorais nos leiomiomas, adenomiose e ADC endometrial de graus I e II, e diminuídos significantemente na região tumoral do leiomioma. Com relação à heterogeneidade, os MCs triptase-positivos foram observados em maior quantidade. As expressões endógenas da ANXA1 e do FPR1 foram observadas nos tecidos uterinos e MCs, com ausência para o FPR2. As modulações dos MCs, da proteína ANXA1 e de modo específico do receptor FPR1, nas variáveis clínico-patológicas das lesões uterinas investigadas indicam o envolvimento dessas células e a interação ANXA1/FPR1 no desenvolvimento de inflamação e neoplasia uterina.
Uterine lesions are important causes of discomfort, infertility and death among women in Brazil and in the world. Endometrial cancer is a frequent malignant tumor and its incidence has been increasing in the last decades. Besides, the most common benign uterine tumor, leiomyoma, affects about 40% of women at reproductive age, being related to menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and infertility. Investigations indicate that the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the advancement of cancer, being characterized mainly by the altered composition of the extracellular matrix, high microvessel density and abundance of inflammatory cells, such as mast cells (MCs). Degranulated MCs release chemotactic and protease factors, such as tryptase and chymase, to the extracellular medium, contributing to the degradation of the extracellular matrix, promoting angiogenesis, providing a favorable environment for tumor invasion and tissue remodeling through selective proteolysis in the matrix and activation of metalloproteinases. Another important aspect of tumor growth is the anti-inflammatory protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1), related to the regulation of growth and migration / invasion processes, and its effects mediated by receptors for formylated peptides (FPRs), especially FPR1 and FPR2. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the heterogeneity of the MCs and the expression of the ANXA1, FPR1 and FPR2 proteins in human biopsies of clinical-pathological variables of normal uterus: simple endometrial hyperplasia (HES), adenomyosis, leiomyomas and endometrial adenocarcinoma (ADC) of grades I and II. MCs were quantified according to their state of activation and expression of tryptase and chymase proteases. Expression of ANXA1 and its FPR1 and FPR2 receptors in the MCs and uterine tissues were analyzed in the different biopsies studied. Our results showed intact and degranulated MCs in the normal endometrium and myometrium and increased MCs in HES, tumor margins in leiomyomas, adenomyosis and endometrial ADC of grades I and II, but significantly decreased in the leiomyoma tumor region. In relation to the heterogeneity, it was observed that the tryptase-positive MCs were observed in greater quantity. Endogenous expressions of ANXA1 and FPR1 were observed in uterine tissues and MCs, but absent for FPR2. Modulations of MCs and ANXA1 protein expression and the specificity of FPR1 receptor immunolabeling in the clinical-pathological variables of the investigated uterine lesions indicate the involvement of these cells and the interaction ANXA1/FPR1 in the development of inflammation and uterine neoplasia.
Uterine lesions are important causes of discomfort, infertility and death among women in Brazil and in the world. Endometrial cancer is a frequent malignant tumor and its incidence has been increasing in the last decades. Besides, the most common benign uterine tumor, leiomyoma, affects about 40% of women at reproductive age, being related to menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and infertility. Investigations indicate that the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the advancement of cancer, being characterized mainly by the altered composition of the extracellular matrix, high microvessel density and abundance of inflammatory cells, such as mast cells (MCs). Degranulated MCs release chemotactic and protease factors, such as tryptase and chymase, to the extracellular medium, contributing to the degradation of the extracellular matrix, promoting angiogenesis, providing a favorable environment for tumor invasion and tissue remodeling through selective proteolysis in the matrix and activation of metalloproteinases. Another important aspect of tumor growth is the anti-inflammatory protein Annexin A1 (ANXA1), related to the regulation of growth and migration / invasion processes, and its effects mediated by receptors for formylated peptides (FPRs), especially FPR1 and FPR2. The objective of this investigation was to analyze the heterogeneity of the MCs and the expression of the ANXA1, FPR1 and FPR2 proteins in human biopsies of clinical-pathological variables of normal uterus: simple endometrial hyperplasia (HES), adenomyosis, leiomyomas and endometrial adenocarcinoma (ADC) of grades I and II. MCs were quantified according to their state of activation and expression of tryptase and chymase proteases. Expression of ANXA1 and its FPR1 and FPR2 receptors in the MCs and uterine tissues were analyzed in the different biopsies studied. Our results showed intact and degranulated MCs in the normal endometrium and myometrium and increased MCs in HES, tumor margins in leiomyomas, adenomyosis and endometrial ADC of grades I and II, but significantly decreased in the leiomyoma tumor region. In relation to the heterogeneity, it was observed that the tryptase-positive MCs were observed in greater quantity. Endogenous expressions of ANXA1 and FPR1 were observed in uterine tissues and MCs, but absent for FPR2. Modulations of MCs and ANXA1 protein expression and the specificity of FPR1 receptor immunolabeling in the clinical-pathological variables of the investigated uterine lesions indicate the involvement of these cells and the interaction ANXA1/FPR1 in the development of inflammation and uterine neoplasia.
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Palavras-chave
Neoplasias, Mastócitos, Anexina A1, Receptores para peptídeos formilados, Biomarcadores tumorais, Alvos terapêuticos, Mast cells, Annexin A1, Formyl peptide receptors, Tumor biomarkers, Therapeutic targets
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33004153023P5