Educação sexual de crianças e adolescentes em abrigos: o lugar do educador
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Data
2017-02-21
Autores
Firmino, Flávio Henrique [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O acolhimento institucional é uma das medidas de proteção previstas no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, descrita como uma medida provisória e excepcional, aplicável quando os direitos reconhecidos pelo Estatuto são violados por negligência ou abuso dos pais ou responsáveis. Nestes casos, a criança ou adolescente podem ser encaminhados para uma instituição que oferece o acolhimento, que aqui denominaremos de abrigo. Nessas instituições, a criança ou adolescente ficam sob os cuidados de profissionais, aqui chamados de educadores, que mantêm contato direto e contínuo com as crianças e adolescentes abrigados. Nesse contato é inevitável o encontro entre os educadores e a sexualidade das crianças e adolescentes, que é inerente a esses sujeitos. Nesse encontro, às manifestações sexuais dos abrigados podem ser atribuídas diferentes significações pelos educadores, a depender da sua própria educação sexual e de suas representações inconscientes sobre a sexualidade, que serão transmitidas às crianças e adolescentes. Tendo isso em vista, essa pesquisa tem o objetivo de investigar o lugar que o educador ocupa em relação à sexualidade e à educação sexual de crianças e adolescentes abrigados. O projeto de pesquisa foi enviado para um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e foi por ele aprovado. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, com questões abertas e projetivas, as quais foram audiogravadas. O material foi analisado por duas técnicas psicanalíticas de interpretação de dados: a leitura dirigida pela escuta e a transferência instrumentalizada. A partir dessas técnicas, foi redigido um ensaio individual para cada entrevista e uma síntese que buscou articular os dados das quatro entrevistas. Os resultados apontam que os educadores ocupam um lugar em relação à sexualidade das crianças e adolescentes que é multifacetado, no qual há, por um lado, a reprodução de preconceitos, mas em que é possível reconhecer também potencialidades para um acolhimento mais efetivo.
Institutional sheltering is one of the protection measures provided in the Child and Adolescent Statute, described as an interim and exceptional measure, applicable when the rights recognized by the Statute are violated by negligence or abuse of parents or guardians. In these cases, the child or adolescent can be referred to an institution that offers the host, which we will call shelter in this research. In these institutions, the child or adolescent is under the care of professionals, here called educators, who maintain direct and continuous contact with sheltered children and adolescents. In this contact is inevitable the meeting between educators and the sexuality of children and adolescents, which is inherent to these subjects. In this encounter, to the sexual manifestations of the sheltered children and adolescents can be attributed different meanings by educators, depending on their own sexual education and their unconscious representations on sexuality, which will be transmitted to children and adolescents. In this respect, the aim of this research is to investigate the place that the educator has occupied in relation to sexuality and the sexual education of sheltered children and adolescents. The research project was sent to a Research Ethics Committee and approved by it. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with open and projective questions, which were audiographed. The material was analyzed by two psychoanalytical techniques of data interpretation: reading directed by listening and instrumentalized transference. From these techniques, an individual essay was written for each interview and a synthesis that sought to articulate the data of the four interviews. The results point out that educators have a place in relation to the sexuality of children and adolescents that is multifaceted, in which there is, on the one hand, the reproduction of prejudices, but in which it is also possible to recognize potentialities for a more effective sheltering.
Institutional sheltering is one of the protection measures provided in the Child and Adolescent Statute, described as an interim and exceptional measure, applicable when the rights recognized by the Statute are violated by negligence or abuse of parents or guardians. In these cases, the child or adolescent can be referred to an institution that offers the host, which we will call shelter in this research. In these institutions, the child or adolescent is under the care of professionals, here called educators, who maintain direct and continuous contact with sheltered children and adolescents. In this contact is inevitable the meeting between educators and the sexuality of children and adolescents, which is inherent to these subjects. In this encounter, to the sexual manifestations of the sheltered children and adolescents can be attributed different meanings by educators, depending on their own sexual education and their unconscious representations on sexuality, which will be transmitted to children and adolescents. In this respect, the aim of this research is to investigate the place that the educator has occupied in relation to sexuality and the sexual education of sheltered children and adolescents. The research project was sent to a Research Ethics Committee and approved by it. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with open and projective questions, which were audiographed. The material was analyzed by two psychoanalytical techniques of data interpretation: reading directed by listening and instrumentalized transference. From these techniques, an individual essay was written for each interview and a synthesis that sought to articulate the data of the four interviews. The results point out that educators have a place in relation to the sexuality of children and adolescents that is multifaceted, in which there is, on the one hand, the reproduction of prejudices, but in which it is also possible to recognize potentialities for a more effective sheltering.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Abrigos, Educação sexual, Psicanálise, Sexualidade, Sheltering, Sexual Education, Psychoanalysis, Sexuality