Avaliação das respostas neuromusculares durante atividades funcionais em adultos com dor lombar crônica idiopática
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Data
2017-02-24
Autores
Nava, Guilherme Thomaz de Aquino [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A dor lombar (DL) é definida como dor ou desconforto que pode acometer a região da coluna lombar, lombo-sacra ou sacro ilíaco. A presença da DL superior a três meses é classificada como dor lombar crônica (DLC). A DLC pode levar a alterações no controle motor e, como consequência, alteração no recrutamento dos músculos do tronco e nas capacidades físicas, como a força e a resistência muscular. É um fenômeno relacionado com a incapacidade e, frequentemente, não apresenta etiologia definida, situação que dificulta o tratamento. Sendo assim, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar a força, resistência muscular e o recrutamento dos músculos do tronco, nos testes de flexão e extensão do tronco com e sem peso, e no teste de resistência muscular, em mulheres sedentárias com DLC. Foram avaliadas 35 mulheres, com idade entre 30 e 59 anos. A coleta dos dados foi composta por avaliação clínica, avaliação do nível da dor, teste de força e de resistência dos músculos dorsais do tronco, simultaneamente com a análise eletromiográfica dos músculos estabilizadores do tronco, que foi avaliado por meio da eletromiografia de superfície. Os músculos avaliados foram divididos em globais: músculo oblíquo externo (OE), músculo reto abdominal (RA) e músculo Iliocostal lombar (ICL); Locais: músculo oblíquo interno (OI) e músculo multífido lombar (MUL). A análise eletromiográfica foi realizada utilizando o valor do Envelope Linear nos dados paramétricos e Root Mean Square nos dados não paramétricos, ambos normalizados pela contração isométrica voluntária máxima. O recrutamento muscular demonstrou que indivíduos com DLC apresentaram maior ativação muscular de todos os músculos. Na comparação intergrupos houve predomínio da ativação dos músculos globais com o aumento de peso, apresentaram também, valores de tamanho do efeito altos. Na comparação intragrupos as participantes com DLC apresentaram maior ativação muscular com carga externa nos músculos OI, OE, ICL e MUL, enquanto o GC apenas nos músculos ICL e MUL. A resistência dos músculos extensores do tronco mostrou-se maior no GC. Já a amplitude do recrutamento muscular foi maior no grupo DLC, com predomínio dos músculos globais. Podemos concluir que o recrutamento muscular nas mulheres com dor lombar crônica tem predomínio de ativação muscular global, que não é acompanhada por aumento na ativação dos músculos locais, favorecendo a instabilidade da coluna. O grupo com dor lombar apresentou também, diminuição da resistência dos músculos extensores que são músculos tônicos com finalidade de manutenção da postura.
Lumbar pain (DL) is defined as pain or discomfort that can affect the region of the lumbar, lumbosacral or sacral iliac spine. The presence of DL greater than three months is classified as chronic low back pain (DLC). DLC can lead to changes in motor control and, as a consequence, change in trunk muscle recruitment and physical abilities such as strength and muscular endurance. It is a phenomenon related to disability and, frequently, does not present a defined etiology, a situation that makes treatment difficult. Thus, the present dissertation aims to evaluate the strength, muscular endurance and recruitment of trunk muscles, in flexion and extension tests of the trunk with and without weight, and in the muscular endurance test, in sedentary women with DLC. Thirty-five women, aged between 30 and 59 years, were evaluated. The data collection was composed by clinical evaluation, pain level evaluation, strength and resistance test of the trunk dorsal muscles, as well as the electromyographic analysis of the stabilizing muscles of the trunk, which was evaluated through surface electromyography. The evaluated muscles were divided into global: external oblique muscle (OE), abdominal rectus muscle (RA) and lumbar Iliocostal muscle (ICL); Local: internal oblique muscle (OI) and lumbar multifidus muscle (MUL). The electromyographic analysis was performed using the Linear Envelope value in the parametric data and Root Mean Square in the non-parametric data, both normalized by the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle recruitment demonstrated that individuals with DLC had greater muscle activation of all muscles. In the intergroup comparison there was a predominance of the activation of the global muscles with the increase of weight, they also presented high values of effect size. In the intragroup comparison the participants with DLC presented greater muscle activation with external load in the OI, OE, ICL and MUL muscles, whereas the GC only in the ICL and MUL muscles. The resistance of the extensor muscles of the trunk was shown to be greater in the GC. The amplitude of muscle recruitment was higher in the DLC group, with a predominance of the global muscles. We can conclude that muscle recruitment in women with chronic low back pain has a predominance of global muscle activation, which is not accompanied by an increase in the activation of the local muscles, favoring the instability of the spine. The lumbar pain group also presented a decrease in the resistance of the extensor muscles, which are tonic muscles to maintain posture.
Lumbar pain (DL) is defined as pain or discomfort that can affect the region of the lumbar, lumbosacral or sacral iliac spine. The presence of DL greater than three months is classified as chronic low back pain (DLC). DLC can lead to changes in motor control and, as a consequence, change in trunk muscle recruitment and physical abilities such as strength and muscular endurance. It is a phenomenon related to disability and, frequently, does not present a defined etiology, a situation that makes treatment difficult. Thus, the present dissertation aims to evaluate the strength, muscular endurance and recruitment of trunk muscles, in flexion and extension tests of the trunk with and without weight, and in the muscular endurance test, in sedentary women with DLC. Thirty-five women, aged between 30 and 59 years, were evaluated. The data collection was composed by clinical evaluation, pain level evaluation, strength and resistance test of the trunk dorsal muscles, as well as the electromyographic analysis of the stabilizing muscles of the trunk, which was evaluated through surface electromyography. The evaluated muscles were divided into global: external oblique muscle (OE), abdominal rectus muscle (RA) and lumbar Iliocostal muscle (ICL); Local: internal oblique muscle (OI) and lumbar multifidus muscle (MUL). The electromyographic analysis was performed using the Linear Envelope value in the parametric data and Root Mean Square in the non-parametric data, both normalized by the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Muscle recruitment demonstrated that individuals with DLC had greater muscle activation of all muscles. In the intergroup comparison there was a predominance of the activation of the global muscles with the increase of weight, they also presented high values of effect size. In the intragroup comparison the participants with DLC presented greater muscle activation with external load in the OI, OE, ICL and MUL muscles, whereas the GC only in the ICL and MUL muscles. The resistance of the extensor muscles of the trunk was shown to be greater in the GC. The amplitude of muscle recruitment was higher in the DLC group, with a predominance of the global muscles. We can conclude that muscle recruitment in women with chronic low back pain has a predominance of global muscle activation, which is not accompanied by an increase in the activation of the local muscles, favoring the instability of the spine. The lumbar pain group also presented a decrease in the resistance of the extensor muscles, which are tonic muscles to maintain posture.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Dor lombar, Equilíbrio postural, Flexão e extensão do tronco, Eletromiografia, Força muscular, Resistência física, Lumbar pain, Postural balance, Flexion and extension of the trunk, Electromyography, Muscle strength, Physical resistance