Visconti e Scimeca visitam Verga: a atualização da narrativa literária e as raízes das adaptações cinematográficas de I Malavoglia
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Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Roda, Regiane Rafaela [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O romance I Malavoglia (1881), de Giovanni Verga, foi adaptado duas vezes para o cinema: a primeira, pelo milanês Luchino Visconti, em 1948, La terra trema: episodio del mare, importante obra do neorrealismo italiano; e a segunda, pelo siciliano Pasquale Scimeca, em 2010, Malavoglia. Em ambas as adaptações, o momento de produção foi extremamente importante para a reescritura do romance realista do século XIX e instaurou uma profunda e significativa relação entre história e sociedade para a compreensão das obras como realizações artísticas autônomas. A partir do conceito de adaptação de Hutcheon (2013) e dos estudos de Stam (2008) e (2013), este trabalho pautou-se pela compreensão do processo adaptativo que teve como suporte a atualização, ou seja, o transporte da narrativa literária para um novo contexto histórico; por exemplo, os anos seguintes à Segunda Guerra Mundial e o primeiro decênio do Terceiro Milênio, para analisar a forma como os filmes dialogaram com o texto adaptado e ampliaram seu próprio raio de ação ao atualizar a narrativa, ancorando-se nesta, mas projetando-se para engendrar novos sentidos e significações. Segundo a análise desse deslocamento temporal, no qual são inseridas questões de relevância para a atualidade, propiciando a identificação de elementos do presente histórico e da realidade por seu público alvo, foi possível concluir que a atualização proporcionou uma íntima conexão entre o momento de produção das obras cinematográficas e o transporte de elementos da realidade para a trama ficcional que alteraram profundamente os percursos interpretativos e determinaram as bases crítico-ideológicas das releituras produzidas, a finalidade das transformações dos textos e as estratégias de reconstrução dos sentidos para a construção de obras cinematográficas que se revelaram retratos de uma época e de uma sociedade para compor, ao lado do romance, um documento humano.
The novel I Malavoglia (1881), by Giovanni Verga, has been adapted twice to film: the first one, by the Milanese Luchino Visconti, in 1948, La terra trema: episodio del mare, important masterpiece of Italian Neorealism; and the second one by the Sicilian Pasquale Scimeca, in 2010, Malavoglia. For both adaptations, the moment of production was extremely important for the rewriting of a realistic novel from the XIXth century and instituted a deep and significant relationship between history and society to understand those works as autonomous artistic realizations. From Hutcheon’s concept of adaptation (2013) and Stam’s studies (2008 and 2013), this work was based on understanding the adaptation process supported by updating, i.e., the literary narrative transported to a brand new historical context, e. g, the years after World War II and the first years of the Third Millennium, to analyze the dialogues between the films and the adapted text and how they extended their own meanings when they brought the narrative up to date, holding on the novel but enlarging its overall signification. The analysis of that temporal dislodgement, in which it’s possible to find social questions relevant to the their moments of production, indicating and identifying historical and real elements to the audience, led us to conclude that the updating allowed an intimate connection between the moment of production of those cinematographic works and the transport of elements of reality to the fictional story that deeply changed the ways of interpretation and determined the critical and ideological bases of those rewritings, the final goal of those texts’ transformations and the strategies for reconstruction of the meanings to create films that revealed themselves to be portraits of the time and society, composing, side by side with the novel, a human document.
The novel I Malavoglia (1881), by Giovanni Verga, has been adapted twice to film: the first one, by the Milanese Luchino Visconti, in 1948, La terra trema: episodio del mare, important masterpiece of Italian Neorealism; and the second one by the Sicilian Pasquale Scimeca, in 2010, Malavoglia. For both adaptations, the moment of production was extremely important for the rewriting of a realistic novel from the XIXth century and instituted a deep and significant relationship between history and society to understand those works as autonomous artistic realizations. From Hutcheon’s concept of adaptation (2013) and Stam’s studies (2008 and 2013), this work was based on understanding the adaptation process supported by updating, i.e., the literary narrative transported to a brand new historical context, e. g, the years after World War II and the first years of the Third Millennium, to analyze the dialogues between the films and the adapted text and how they extended their own meanings when they brought the narrative up to date, holding on the novel but enlarging its overall signification. The analysis of that temporal dislodgement, in which it’s possible to find social questions relevant to the their moments of production, indicating and identifying historical and real elements to the audience, led us to conclude that the updating allowed an intimate connection between the moment of production of those cinematographic works and the transport of elements of reality to the fictional story that deeply changed the ways of interpretation and determined the critical and ideological bases of those rewritings, the final goal of those texts’ transformations and the strategies for reconstruction of the meanings to create films that revealed themselves to be portraits of the time and society, composing, side by side with the novel, a human document.
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Palavras-chave
Giovanni Verga, Luchino Visconti, Pasquale Scimeca, Adaptação, Atualização, Adaptation, Updating