Avaliação dos teores de arsênio em tecidos de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus) e estudo da bioacumulação de As (III)
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Data
2017-02-10
Autores
Oliveira, Luciano Henrique Barca de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O mercado de pescados no Brasil tem se expandido muito nos últimos anos e com previsão de um crescimento ainda maior. A busca crescente por essa fonte de alimento no país leva à uma preocupação associada a qualidade do pescado, principalmente se tratando de metais tóxicos presentes nas águas e sedimentos dos rios. Os peixes, assim como outros frutos do mar, têm a capacidade de bioacumular estes metais em seu organismo, seja por contato direto ou indireto. O arsênio é um destes contaminantes e está presente naturalmente em águas e sedimentos, e também advindo de atividades antropogênicas como queima de combustíveis fósseis e agrotóxicos. A concentração de arsênio total nos principais tecidos da tilápia foram determinados e uma estimativa dos riscos associados ao consumo deste peixe na região Noroeste de São Paulo foi realizada, levando em conta as diretrizes estabelecidas pela FAO/OMS. As análises foram realizadas por espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS) no modo de discriminação de energia cinética (KED). Materiais de referência certificados foram analisados com recuperações de 101, 110 e 80% de NIST 1640a, NIST 1566b e DORM-3, respectivamente. Na parte consumível (o tecido muscular dos peixes), a concentração média encontrada foi de 0,030 ± 0,008 μg g-1, que é inferior ao valor máximo permitido de arsênio estabelecido pelas agências reguladoras nacionais e internacionais. A concentração média encontrada nas vísceras (estômago, brânquias e fígado) esteve na faixa de 0,016 – 1,170 μg g-1, demonstrando maior capacidade de bioacumulação de arsênio. Foram realizados esnsaios de bioacumulação com As(III) (espécie mais tóxica do arsênio) com tilápias em laboratório. O ensaio foi dividido em grupo de 7 dias de exposição e 7 dias de depuração ao contaminante. Os resultados demonstraram que o estômago e fígado desempenham um papel importante na absorção e acúmulo desse semimetal presente em águas contaminadas. A estimativa dos parâmetros tóxicocinéticos (constantes de absorção, depuração e fator de bioconcentração – BCF) obtidas com os testes de exposição ao As(III), permitiu avaliar a capacidade de absorção e depuração de cada órgão de interesse. A ordem de bioacumulação determinada pelo BCF foi: estômago > fígado > brânquias > filet.
Seafood market in Brazil has expanded greatly in recent years and is expected to grow even more. The search for this food source in the country leads to a concern associated with the quality of the fish, mainly by the treatment of toxic metals in the waters and sediments of the rivers. Fish, like other seafood, have the ability to bioaccumulate these metals in your body by direct or indirect contact. Arsenic is one of these contaminants and is naturally present in waters and sediments, as well as from anthropogenic activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and agrochemicals. The concentration of total arsenic in the main tissues of tilapia were evaluated and an estimation of the risks associated with the consumption of this fish was done, taking into account the guidelines established by FAO/WHO. The analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in kinetic energy discrimination mode (KED). Certified reference materials were analyzed with recoveries of 101, 110, and 80% from NIST 1640a, NIST 1566b, and DORM-3 respectively. In the consumable portion (the muscle fish tissue), the average concentration found was 0,030 ± 0,008 µg g-1 which it is below the arsenic maximum level established by international regulatory agencies. The mean concentration found in the viscera (stomach, gills and liver) was in the range of 0,016 – 1,170 μg g-1 , demonstrating a higher bioaccumulation capacity of arsenic. Bioaccumulation tests were performed with As(III) (most toxic arsenic species) with laboratory grown tilapia. The assay was divided into 7 days of exposure and 7 days of clearance to the contaminant. The results demonstrated that the stomach and liver play an important role in the absorption and accumulation of this semimetal present in contaminated water. The estimation of the toxicokinetic parameters (absorption, depuration and Bioconcentration factors - BCF) obtained with the exposure tests to As (III) allowed to evaluate the absorption and depuration capacity of each organ of interest. The order of bioaccumulation determined by the BCF was stomach> liver> gills> filet.
Seafood market in Brazil has expanded greatly in recent years and is expected to grow even more. The search for this food source in the country leads to a concern associated with the quality of the fish, mainly by the treatment of toxic metals in the waters and sediments of the rivers. Fish, like other seafood, have the ability to bioaccumulate these metals in your body by direct or indirect contact. Arsenic is one of these contaminants and is naturally present in waters and sediments, as well as from anthropogenic activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and agrochemicals. The concentration of total arsenic in the main tissues of tilapia were evaluated and an estimation of the risks associated with the consumption of this fish was done, taking into account the guidelines established by FAO/WHO. The analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in kinetic energy discrimination mode (KED). Certified reference materials were analyzed with recoveries of 101, 110, and 80% from NIST 1640a, NIST 1566b, and DORM-3 respectively. In the consumable portion (the muscle fish tissue), the average concentration found was 0,030 ± 0,008 µg g-1 which it is below the arsenic maximum level established by international regulatory agencies. The mean concentration found in the viscera (stomach, gills and liver) was in the range of 0,016 – 1,170 μg g-1 , demonstrating a higher bioaccumulation capacity of arsenic. Bioaccumulation tests were performed with As(III) (most toxic arsenic species) with laboratory grown tilapia. The assay was divided into 7 days of exposure and 7 days of clearance to the contaminant. The results demonstrated that the stomach and liver play an important role in the absorption and accumulation of this semimetal present in contaminated water. The estimation of the toxicokinetic parameters (absorption, depuration and Bioconcentration factors - BCF) obtained with the exposure tests to As (III) allowed to evaluate the absorption and depuration capacity of each organ of interest. The order of bioaccumulation determined by the BCF was stomach> liver> gills> filet.
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Palavras-chave
Bioacumulação, Arsênio, ICP-MS, Pescados