Resposta da mamona de porte baixo à adubação fosfatada em cultivo convencional e adensado
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Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Oliveira, Felipe dos Santos de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A mamona (Ricinus communis L.) é uma euforbiácea originária de clima tropical. Seu principal produto é o óleo presente em seus grãos, que possui várias aplicações, destacando-se sua utilização na indústria química para produção de biodiesel. Apesar da versatilidade do uso do óleo e da relevante importância econômica da mamoneira, a produtividade brasileira é de 0,59 t ha-1, sendo considerada uma das menores do mundo. A combinação adequada da população de plantas, em conjunto com o manejo da adubação fosfatada, favorece a produtividade de grãos e a produtividade de óleo. No entanto, até o momento, não existem trabalhos avaliando os efeitos destes fatores na cultura, principalmente nos materiais lançados recentemente, no período de safrinha. Logo, o trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta de mamoneira de porte anão a doses de fósforo (P) em cultivo convencional e adensado. O experimento foi conduzido de abril a novembro de 2016 na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, situada em São Manuel-SP, com o uso do híbrido AG IMA 110204. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (2 x 5), com quatro repetições, sendo duas densidades populacionais e cinco doses de fósforo. As densidades populacionais avaliados foram 67340 plantas ha-1 e 33670 plantas ha-1 (convencional), e as doses de fósforo avaliadas foram 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5, aplicados no sulco de plantio na forma de superfosfato simples. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetro do caule, altura de planta, altura de inserção do primeiro racemo, número de racemos planta-1, número de grãos racemo-1, massa de 100 grãos, teor de óleo, produtividade de grãos e produtividade de óleo. O cultivo convencional apresentou maiores diâmetro do caule, altura de planta, número de grãos racemo-1, massa de 100 grãos, produtividade de grãos e produtividade de óleo. A adubação fosfatada contribuiu para o aumento da produtividade de grãos e produtividade de óleo, com dose de máxima eficiência técnica de 80,36 kg ha-1 de P2O5. O número de racemos planta-1 foi maior na densidade populacional 33670 plantas ha-1 quando foi aplicado P.
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a euphorbiaceae native to tropical climate. Its main product is the oil present in its grains, which has several applications, especially its use in the chemical industry for biodiesel production. Despite the versatility of the use of oil and the relevant economic importance of the castor bean, brazilian yield is 0.59 t ha-1, being considered one of the smallest in the world. The appropriate combination of plant population, together with the management of phosphate fertilization, favors grain yield and oil yield. However, there are no studies evaluating the effects of these factors on the crop, especially in the materials released recently in out-of-season cropping. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the response of dwarf-sized castor bean to phosphorus (P) doses in conventional and thickened cultivation. The experiment was conducted from April to November 2016 at the São Manuel Experimental Farm, located in São Manuel-SP, using the hybrid AG IMA 110204. The experimental using was a randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme (2 x 5), with four replications, two population densities and five doses of phosphorus. The evaluated population densities were 67340 plants ha-1 and 33670 plants ha-1 (conventional), and the phosphorus doses evaluated were 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5, applied in the planting groove as single superphosphate. The following variables were evaluated: stem diameter, plant height, insertion height of the first raceme, number of racemes plant-1, number of grains raceme-1, mass of 100 grains, oil content, grain yield and oil yield. The conventional cultivation howed higher stem diameter, plant height, number of raceme-1 grains, 100 grain mass, grain yield and oil yield. Phosphate fertilization contributes to the increase of grain yield and oil yield, with a maximum technical efficiency dose of 80.36 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The number of racemes plant-1 was higher in the 33670 plants ha-1 population density when P was applied.
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a euphorbiaceae native to tropical climate. Its main product is the oil present in its grains, which has several applications, especially its use in the chemical industry for biodiesel production. Despite the versatility of the use of oil and the relevant economic importance of the castor bean, brazilian yield is 0.59 t ha-1, being considered one of the smallest in the world. The appropriate combination of plant population, together with the management of phosphate fertilization, favors grain yield and oil yield. However, there are no studies evaluating the effects of these factors on the crop, especially in the materials released recently in out-of-season cropping. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the response of dwarf-sized castor bean to phosphorus (P) doses in conventional and thickened cultivation. The experiment was conducted from April to November 2016 at the São Manuel Experimental Farm, located in São Manuel-SP, using the hybrid AG IMA 110204. The experimental using was a randomized complete block design in a factorial scheme (2 x 5), with four replications, two population densities and five doses of phosphorus. The evaluated population densities were 67340 plants ha-1 and 33670 plants ha-1 (conventional), and the phosphorus doses evaluated were 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5, applied in the planting groove as single superphosphate. The following variables were evaluated: stem diameter, plant height, insertion height of the first raceme, number of racemes plant-1, number of grains raceme-1, mass of 100 grains, oil content, grain yield and oil yield. The conventional cultivation howed higher stem diameter, plant height, number of raceme-1 grains, 100 grain mass, grain yield and oil yield. Phosphate fertilization contributes to the increase of grain yield and oil yield, with a maximum technical efficiency dose of 80.36 kg ha-1 of P2O5. The number of racemes plant-1 was higher in the 33670 plants ha-1 population density when P was applied.
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Palavras-chave
Ricinus communis, Densidade populacional, Fósforo, Produtividade de grãos, Ricinus communis, Population density, Phosphorus, Grain yield