Fungos isolados de ninhos iniciais da formiga Atta sexdens rubropilosa: análise do potencial para biocontrole de formigas-cortadeiras
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Data
2017-02-22
Autores
Polezel, Daiane Raquel [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os gêneros de formigas-cortadeiras, Atta e Acromyrmex, mantém uma associação mutualística com o basidiomiceto Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, o qual é responsável pela produção de enzimas que degradam o material vegetal transportado para o interior dos ninhos. As formigas-cortadeiras são consideradas pragas devido a enorme quantidade de material vegetal que é cortada, principalmente em ambientes alterados por atividades antrópicas, como os locais de agricultura e reflorestamento. Devido à necessidade de manejo das formigascortadeiras, o controle biológico representa um método promissor e ambientalmente amigável. Nesse contexto, devido a íntima relação entre as formigas e o fungo mutualista, é de grande importância selecionar linhagens de fungos filamentosos que possam interferir negativamente sobre o jardim de fungos. No presente trabalho isolamos fungos filamentosos contaminantes de colônias iniciais da formiga Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Após o isolamento e identificação foram realizados testes para avaliar o crescimento desses fungos utilizando o jardim de fungos como substrato, e também as linhagens consideradas melhores nesse aspecto foram testadas em colônias completas. A combinação de dois fungos (Trichoderma harzianum e Trichoderma virens) mostrou-se promissora para prosseguimento nos testes e futuro uso no controle biológico. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada e secreção de compostos orgânicos voláteis através de análises GC/MS de três linhagens de fungos filamentosos após sete dias de crescimento em culturas individuais e também frente ao fungo mutualista. Ainda, utilizando a microscopia eletrônica de varredura, avaliamos como ocorre a interação do fungo R. variabilis frente ao fungo mutualista, demonstrando que o fungo R. variabilis possui caráter micoparasita ao interagir com o fungo mutualista.
The leaf-cutting ants, Atta and Acromyrmex, maintain a mutualistic association with the basidiomycete Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, which is responsible for the production of enzymes that degrade the plant material transported to the interior of the nests. The leafcutting ants are considered pests due to an enormous amount of plant material they cut, mainly at areas altered by anthropic activities, such as agricultural and reforestation sites. Due to the need for management of the leaf cutting ants, biological control represents a promising and environmentally friendly method. In this context, due to the close relationship between ants and mutual fungi, it is of great importance to select strains of filamentous fungi that negatively impact the fungus garden. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated lineages of filamentous fungi isolated from the initial colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa. After isolation and identification of the contaminants filamentous fungi, assays were carried out in order to determine the fungal growth of the most suitable lineages on the fungus garden of the lab colonies The combination of two fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens) was promising for the development of methods aiming at the biological control of leaf-cutting ants. Additionally, the production of volatile organic compounds was evaluated by the GC / MS analysis of three of the filamentous fungal strains after 7 days of growth in individual cultures, and also in the presence of the mutualistic fungus. Images of scanning electron microscopy were taken during the co-culture assays.
The leaf-cutting ants, Atta and Acromyrmex, maintain a mutualistic association with the basidiomycete Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, which is responsible for the production of enzymes that degrade the plant material transported to the interior of the nests. The leafcutting ants are considered pests due to an enormous amount of plant material they cut, mainly at areas altered by anthropic activities, such as agricultural and reforestation sites. Due to the need for management of the leaf cutting ants, biological control represents a promising and environmentally friendly method. In this context, due to the close relationship between ants and mutual fungi, it is of great importance to select strains of filamentous fungi that negatively impact the fungus garden. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated lineages of filamentous fungi isolated from the initial colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa. After isolation and identification of the contaminants filamentous fungi, assays were carried out in order to determine the fungal growth of the most suitable lineages on the fungus garden of the lab colonies The combination of two fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens) was promising for the development of methods aiming at the biological control of leaf-cutting ants. Additionally, the production of volatile organic compounds was evaluated by the GC / MS analysis of three of the filamentous fungal strains after 7 days of growth in individual cultures, and also in the presence of the mutualistic fungus. Images of scanning electron microscopy were taken during the co-culture assays.
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Controle biológico, Formigas-cortadeiras, Compostos orgânicos voláteis, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, Trichoderma