Produção de bioetanol utilizando cascas de banana, maracujá e coco verde por co-fermentação de Zymomonas mobilis e Pachysolen tannophilus
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Data
2017-03-24
Autores
Ferreira, Juliana [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As crises no fornecimento de petróleo, a possibilidade de sua escassez, instabilidade dos preços e, principalmente, os efeitos negativos ao meio ambiente, aumentaram, nos últimos anos, o interesse pela procura de fontes alternativas para produção de energia. A possibilidade de produzir etanol a partir de resíduos lignocelulósicos é um grande atrativo para os pesquisadores, pois reduziria a necessidade em aumentar as áreas plantadas para incremento da produção, a competição direta com a produção de alimentos e o custo de matéria-prima. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a produção de etanol por culturas individuais e co-culturas de Zymomonas mobilis e Pachysolen tannophilus usando cascas de banana, maracujá e coco verde hidrolisadas. O pré-tratamento ácido, seguido de hidrólise enzimática das cascas de banana, maracujá e coco, promoveram a liberação de 74,1, 87,2 e 13,4 g L-1 de açúcares totais, respectivamente. Foram avaliadas três concentrações de substrato (5, 10 e 15%) e três pH iniciais dos meios de fermentação (4,5; 5,0 e 5,5). Nas fermentações com a bactéria Z. mobilis, com os três resíduos, foi verificado que o substrato mais concentrado não contribuiu para um aumento significativo da produção de etanol. Além disso, a maior concentração do produto foi de 2,9 g L-1, obtido nas fermentações de cascas de banana hidrolisadas com concentração de 5%. Já nas fermentações com a levedura P. tannophilus, as maiores produções de etanol foram determinadas utilizando hidrolisado de cascas de maracujá com concentração de sólidos de 10%, proporcionando a produção de 10 g L-1 de etanol. E a associação da bactéria Z. mobilis e da levedura P. tannophilus, no processo de co-cultura, mostrou potencial para a fermentação dos hidrolisados lignocelulósicos. O sistema de inoculação que apresentou melhores resultados foi aquele no qual a bactéria foi inoculada no inicio do processo, e depois de 7 h de fermentação, a levedura foi inoculada. Além do mais, os melhores resultados obtidos com esse sistema foram os das fermentações com cascas de banana hidrolisadas, sendo determinada concentração 11,3 g L-1 de etanol.
Crises in oil supply, the possibility of their scarcity, price instability and, especially, the negative effects to the environment have increased the interest in alternative sources for energy production, in recent years. The possibility of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic residues is a great attractive to the researchers, because it would reduce the need for increasing the planted areas to increase production, the direct competition with food production and the high costs of raw materials. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the ethanol production by individual cultures and co-cultures of Zymomonas mobilis and Pachysolen tannophilus using banana, passion fruit and coconut peels hydrolysate. The acid pretreatment, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of banana, passion fruit and coconut peels promoted the liberation of 74.1, 87.2 and 13.4 g L-1 of total sugars, respectively. Three substrate concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) and three initial pH of fermentation media (4.5; 5.0 and 5.5) were evaluated. In the fermentations with Z. mobilis bacteria, using the three residues, it was found that the most concentrated substrate did not contribute to a significant increase in ethanol production. In addition, the highest product concentration was 2.9 g L-1, obtained in hydrolysed banana peels fermentations at 5% concentration. In the fermentations with yeast P. tannophilus, the highest ethanol yields were determined using passion fruit peel hydrolysates at 10% solids concentration, providing the ethanol production of 10 g L-1. And the association of Z. mobilis bacteria and P. tannophilus yeast, in the co-culture process, showed potential for the lignocellulosic hydrolysates fermentation. The inoculation system that showed the best results was the one in which the bacterium was inoculated at the beginning of the process, and after 7 h of fermentation, the yeast was inoculated. Moreover, the best results obtained with this system were those with hydrolysed banana peels fermentations, with 11.3 g L-1 of ethanol concentration.
Crises in oil supply, the possibility of their scarcity, price instability and, especially, the negative effects to the environment have increased the interest in alternative sources for energy production, in recent years. The possibility of producing ethanol from lignocellulosic residues is a great attractive to the researchers, because it would reduce the need for increasing the planted areas to increase production, the direct competition with food production and the high costs of raw materials. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the ethanol production by individual cultures and co-cultures of Zymomonas mobilis and Pachysolen tannophilus using banana, passion fruit and coconut peels hydrolysate. The acid pretreatment, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of banana, passion fruit and coconut peels promoted the liberation of 74.1, 87.2 and 13.4 g L-1 of total sugars, respectively. Three substrate concentrations (5, 10 and 15%) and three initial pH of fermentation media (4.5; 5.0 and 5.5) were evaluated. In the fermentations with Z. mobilis bacteria, using the three residues, it was found that the most concentrated substrate did not contribute to a significant increase in ethanol production. In addition, the highest product concentration was 2.9 g L-1, obtained in hydrolysed banana peels fermentations at 5% concentration. In the fermentations with yeast P. tannophilus, the highest ethanol yields were determined using passion fruit peel hydrolysates at 10% solids concentration, providing the ethanol production of 10 g L-1. And the association of Z. mobilis bacteria and P. tannophilus yeast, in the co-culture process, showed potential for the lignocellulosic hydrolysates fermentation. The inoculation system that showed the best results was the one in which the bacterium was inoculated at the beginning of the process, and after 7 h of fermentation, the yeast was inoculated. Moreover, the best results obtained with this system were those with hydrolysed banana peels fermentations, with 11.3 g L-1 of ethanol concentration.
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Palavras-chave
Etanol, Co-fermentação, Resíduos lignocelulósicos, Hidrolisados, Bactéria, Levedura, Ethanol, Co-fermentation, Lignocellulosic residues, Hydrolysate, Bacteria, Yeast