Design, ergonomia e saúde: uma proposta para a interface postural do cirurgião dentista
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Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Bertolaccini, Guilherme da Silva [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido à dificuldade em estabelecer um equilíbrio postural na execução de seu ofício, os cirurgiões dentistas são indivíduos vulneráveis a riscos ocupacionais. De forma geral, a postura estática e inadequada mantida por tempo prolongado tem sido apontada como um dos fatores que contribuem para a sobrecarga postural desses profissionais. O mocho – interface de suporte postural do profissional da odontologia – tem sido apontado como um dos aspectos de inadequação ergonômica sendo, por isto, objeto de estudos e propostas que visam melhorar a postura do profissional durante o trabalho. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar aspectos biomecânicos da postura sentada por meio do desenvolvimento e análise de uma proposta de interface de suporte postural (mocho) do cirurgião dentista, que visa melhorar a postura durante a atividade. Fundamentado nas recomendações ergonômicas aplicadas à atividade do cirurgião dentista na postura sentada, bem como por evidências científicas e normas técnicas relacionadas ao posto de trabalho do profissional. A proposta de re-design do mocho foi concebida com o uso de um modelo virtual, desenvolvido em programa de modelagem 3D, e o protótipo físico, ainda teve parte de sua fundamentação em estudos complementares sobre os aspectos biomecânicos da postura sentada e entrevista com profissionais da odontologia. O mocho tem como principais características, o apoio anterior de tronco, apoio para os membros superiores e um design ergonômico do assento projetado para estabilizar a pelve e, desta forma, garantir a manutenção da postura inclinada de tronco com menor sobrecarga de trabalho muscular. Este protótipo foi comparado com um mocho convencional, no qual foi analisado a atividade elétrica muscular, por meio da eletromiografia de superfície, dos músculos trapézio e longuíssimo do dorso. Comparando duas diferentes posturas em cada mocho, variando de acordo com a inclinação de tronco, para frente a 45° (na qual foi realizada uma atividade de digitação em um tablet), e ereto (tronco na horizontal) no plano sagital. Os resultados apontam uma diminuição significativa na atividade de ambos os músculos analisados, quando utilizado o protótipo desenvolvido, na postura inclinada de tronco, enquanto na postura ereta não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os dois modelos de mocho analisados.
Because of the difficulty in establishing a postural balance in performing their craft, dentists are individuals who are vulnerable to occupational hazards. In general, the static and inadequate posture maintained for a long time has been pointed out as one of the factors that contribute to the postural overload of these professionals. The postural support interface of the dental professional has been pointed out as one of the aspects of ergonomic inadequacy and is the object of studies and proposals aimed at improving the professional’s posture during the work. The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical aspects of seated posture through the development and analysis of a proposal of the dental surgeon’s postural support interface to improve posture during the activity. Based on the ergonomic recommendations applied to the activity of the dental surgeon in the sitting posture, as well as for scientific evidences and technical norms related to the work position of the professional. The proposal of re-design of the owl was conceived through a virtual model, developed in 3D modeling program, and the physical prototype, still had part of its foundation in complementary studies on the biomechanical aspects of the seated posture and interview with dentistry professionals . The owl has as main characteristics, the previous support of trunk, support for the upper limbs and an ergonomic design of the seat designed to stabilize the pelvis and, in this way, ensure the maintenance of sloping posture of trunk with less overload of muscle work. This prototype was compared with a conventional owl, in which muscular electrical activity was analyzed by surface electromyography of the trapezius and longus muscles of the dorsum. Comparing two different postures in each owl, varying according to the trunk inclination, forward to 45 ° (in which a typing activity was performed on a tablet), and erect (horizontal trunk) in the sagittal plane. The results indicate a significant decrease in the activity of both muscles when using the developed prototype in the inclined trunk posture, while in the erect posture there were no statistical differences between the two models of owl analyzed.
Because of the difficulty in establishing a postural balance in performing their craft, dentists are individuals who are vulnerable to occupational hazards. In general, the static and inadequate posture maintained for a long time has been pointed out as one of the factors that contribute to the postural overload of these professionals. The postural support interface of the dental professional has been pointed out as one of the aspects of ergonomic inadequacy and is the object of studies and proposals aimed at improving the professional’s posture during the work. The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical aspects of seated posture through the development and analysis of a proposal of the dental surgeon’s postural support interface to improve posture during the activity. Based on the ergonomic recommendations applied to the activity of the dental surgeon in the sitting posture, as well as for scientific evidences and technical norms related to the work position of the professional. The proposal of re-design of the owl was conceived through a virtual model, developed in 3D modeling program, and the physical prototype, still had part of its foundation in complementary studies on the biomechanical aspects of the seated posture and interview with dentistry professionals . The owl has as main characteristics, the previous support of trunk, support for the upper limbs and an ergonomic design of the seat designed to stabilize the pelvis and, in this way, ensure the maintenance of sloping posture of trunk with less overload of muscle work. This prototype was compared with a conventional owl, in which muscular electrical activity was analyzed by surface electromyography of the trapezius and longus muscles of the dorsum. Comparing two different postures in each owl, varying according to the trunk inclination, forward to 45 ° (in which a typing activity was performed on a tablet), and erect (horizontal trunk) in the sagittal plane. The results indicate a significant decrease in the activity of both muscles when using the developed prototype in the inclined trunk posture, while in the erect posture there were no statistical differences between the two models of owl analyzed.
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Palavras-chave
Design, Ergonomia, Odontologia, Postura, Mocho, Ergonomics, Dentistry, Posture, Dentistry stool