Da política socioeducativa à (des) regulação da vida de jovens negros brasileiros
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Data
2017-03-02
Autores
Ribeiro, Igo Gabriel dos Santos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nessa dissertação interrogamos e analisamos o modo como os acontecimentos históricos, tais como a abolição da escravidão, a difusão do racismo científico e os projetos de Nação formulados nesse contexto, se interseccionam com a política socioeducativa, com a invenção da personagem menor delinquente e com a regulação da vida de jovens negros que cumprem medidas socioeducativas de liberdade assistida e de prestação de serviços à comunidade. Utilizamos procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, bem como de análise de dados estatísticos referentes ao Sistema Socioeducativo (SINASE), às desigualdades raciais e à violência praticada contra a juventude negra. Adotamos a genealogia foucaultiana como perspectiva teórica possível para interrogar e compreender a forma como o Estado intervém na vida de jovens negros por meio do sistema de responsabilização penal juvenil e de outros mecanismos, o que permitiu eleger a raça e o racismo científico como categorias fundamentais para entender e explicar a política socioeducativa enquanto fenômeno histórico atual, bem como para a problematização de seus efeitos. Identificamos que os discursos, práticas e procedimentos se atualizaram ao longo do século XX de acordo com a reorganização do Estado que, em sua configuração moderna, demandou tanto um reposicionamento prático-discursivo, quanto a alteração dos mecanismos de controle, de regulação e de governo da população. O biopoder, a biopolítica e a necropolítica compõem as novas tecnologias de poder inauguradas na transição da forma clássica de governo, na qual o exercício de poder se direcionava ao corpo-organismo, para a forma moderna, na qual o poder se direciona ao corpo-espécie tanto por meio de uma política da vida, quanto por uma economia e política da morte. Com efeito, constatamos que toda a população negra, sobretudo o segmento jovem, é reiteradamente desumanizada e, portanto, descartada e exterminada. A seletividade racial do Sistema de Justiça Juvenil, somada à execução sumária de jovens negros, traduz os efeitos produzidos por esse processo de desumanização que legitima e intensifica as práticas de regulação desses corpos e de seu extermínio. Concluímos que a vida de alguns sujeitos é investida por meio do biopoder, enquanto a morte dos “Outros” é provocada pela vulnerabilidade programática e por meio do necropoder. Por fim, elencamos alguns desafios que se apresentam para a Psicologia quando, pelo seu saber e poder, é convocada para validar cientificamente as práticas de penalização e de encarceramento compulsórias do SINASE, de genocídio da população negra e de extermínio de jovens negros e pobres.
In this dissertation we interrogate and analyze how historical events, such as the Emancipation proclamation, the diffusion of scientific racism and the projects of Nation formulated in this circumstances, intersect with socio-educational politics, with the invention of the juvenile delinquent persona and with the control of the life of young blacks who comply with socio-educational actions including assisted freedom and communitarian services. We used bibliographic and documentary research procedures, as well as statistical data analysis regarding the Socio-Educational System (SINASE), racial inequalities and violence practiced against black youth. We have adopted the foucauldian genealogy as a possible theoretical perspective to interrogate and understand the way the State intervenes in the lives of young blacks through the system of juvenile criminal responsibility and other mechanisms, which has allowed to choose race and scientific racism as fundamental categories to understand and explain socio-educational policy as a current historical phenomenon, such as for the problematization of its effects. We identified that the ideologies, practices and procedures were updated throughout the twentieth century according with the reorganization of the state, which, in its modern configuration, demanded both a practical-discursive repositioning and the alteration of the mechanisms of control, legislation and governance. biopower, biopolitics and necropolitics integrate the new technologies of power inaugurated in the transition from the classical form of governance in which the exercise of power was directed towards the body-organism, into the modern form of governance in which power is directed to the body-species both considering a politics of life, as well as an economy and death politics. Indeed, we found that the entire black population, especially the young segment, is repeatedly dehumanized and therefore discarded and exterminated. The racial selectivity of the Juvenile Justice System, added with the summary execution of young blacks, explain the effects produced by this process of dehumanization that legitimizes and intensifies the practices of regulating these bodies and exterminating them. We concluded that the life of some individuals is invested through biopower, while the death of the "Others" is caused by programmatic vulnerability and through the necropower. Finally, we list some challenges that are presented for Psychology when, due to its knowledge and power, it is called to scientifically validate the compulsory penalization and imprisonment practices of the SINASE, the genocide of the black population and the extermination of young blacks and the poor people.
In this dissertation we interrogate and analyze how historical events, such as the Emancipation proclamation, the diffusion of scientific racism and the projects of Nation formulated in this circumstances, intersect with socio-educational politics, with the invention of the juvenile delinquent persona and with the control of the life of young blacks who comply with socio-educational actions including assisted freedom and communitarian services. We used bibliographic and documentary research procedures, as well as statistical data analysis regarding the Socio-Educational System (SINASE), racial inequalities and violence practiced against black youth. We have adopted the foucauldian genealogy as a possible theoretical perspective to interrogate and understand the way the State intervenes in the lives of young blacks through the system of juvenile criminal responsibility and other mechanisms, which has allowed to choose race and scientific racism as fundamental categories to understand and explain socio-educational policy as a current historical phenomenon, such as for the problematization of its effects. We identified that the ideologies, practices and procedures were updated throughout the twentieth century according with the reorganization of the state, which, in its modern configuration, demanded both a practical-discursive repositioning and the alteration of the mechanisms of control, legislation and governance. biopower, biopolitics and necropolitics integrate the new technologies of power inaugurated in the transition from the classical form of governance in which the exercise of power was directed towards the body-organism, into the modern form of governance in which power is directed to the body-species both considering a politics of life, as well as an economy and death politics. Indeed, we found that the entire black population, especially the young segment, is repeatedly dehumanized and therefore discarded and exterminated. The racial selectivity of the Juvenile Justice System, added with the summary execution of young blacks, explain the effects produced by this process of dehumanization that legitimizes and intensifies the practices of regulating these bodies and exterminating them. We concluded that the life of some individuals is invested through biopower, while the death of the "Others" is caused by programmatic vulnerability and through the necropower. Finally, we list some challenges that are presented for Psychology when, due to its knowledge and power, it is called to scientifically validate the compulsory penalization and imprisonment practices of the SINASE, the genocide of the black population and the extermination of young blacks and the poor people.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Psicologia social, Medidas socioeducativas, Jovens negros, Racismo, Genealogia, Social psychology, Socio-educational policy, Genealogy, Young black people, Racism