Acolhimento familiar enquanto fissura de um dispositivo: uma cartografia dos afetos
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Data
2017-03-23
Autores
Ribeiro, Elisa Mariana Carvalho [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os discursos sobre a infância e a maneira como tem sido percebida e teorizada ao longo dos anos determinam os tipos de ações voltadas às necessidades das crianças e adolescentes, bem como são ressignificados os papéis e a função do grupo familiar mediante tais modificações. Diante desse processo de definições e redefinições sociais e subjetivas, as crianças e adolescentes que têm seus direitos violados dentro de sua família de origem, e que portanto, precisam ser retiradas desse convívio para sua proteção, tornam-se alvo das políticas públicas e de suas medidas protetivas. O dispositivo de institucionalização da infância passou por fortes questionamentos quanto à sua efetividade em garantia de direitos, principalmente no que concerne à convivência familiar e comunitária. É assim que por meio do PNAS (Plano Nacional de Assistência Social, 2004) é estabelecida uma nova modalidade de acolhimento, o familiar, que com as alterações da lei n º 12.010 de 2009 feitas ao ECA (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente), passa a ser prioritário frente ao acolhimento institucional. As famílias acolhedoras são voluntárias e passam por seleção e treinamento realizados pelas equipes técnicas dos programas e assim recebem e acolhem em suas casas as crianças e adolescentes encaminhadas(os). O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi cartografar os afetos nesse contexto de acolhimento que inclui a sociedade na efetivação de uma política pública de proteção. Isso foi possível por meio do acompanhamento de duas famílias acolhedoras oriundas de diferentes cidades do interior paulista, por meio de encontros, telefonemas, conversas, e de material proveniente do Facebook. Dentre os afetos cartografados destacam-se a rivalidade e a ambivalência e outros decorrentes de dificuldades, principalmente, em relação ao fim dos acolhimentos.
The discourses about childhood and the way it has been perceived and theorized over the years determine the types of actions toward to the needs of children and adolescents, as well as the roles and the role of the family group are redefined through such modifications. In this process of social and subjective definitions and redefinitions, children and adolescents who have their rights violated within their family of origin, and therefore need to be removed from this conviviality for their protection, become the target of public policies and their protective measures. The institutionalization of childhood was strongly questioned as to its effectiveness in guaranteeing rights, especially in relation to family and community life. Thus, through the PNAS (National Plan of Social Assistance, 2004), a new modality of foster care, the family, is established, which with the amendments of law nº. 12.010 of 2009 made by ECA (Children and Adolescent Statute), it becomes priority against the institutional care. The foster families are volunteers and go through selection and training by the technical teams of the programs and thus receive and welcome in their homes the children and adolescents sent to them. The objective of the present research was to map the affections in this context of foster care, which includes the society in the accomplishment of a public policy of protection. This was possible through the accompaniment of two foster families from different cities in the interior of São Paulo, through meetings with such families, phone calls and conversations, and material from Facebook. Among the affects mapped out are the rivalry and ambivalence and others coming from difficulties, especially in relation to the end of the foster care.
The discourses about childhood and the way it has been perceived and theorized over the years determine the types of actions toward to the needs of children and adolescents, as well as the roles and the role of the family group are redefined through such modifications. In this process of social and subjective definitions and redefinitions, children and adolescents who have their rights violated within their family of origin, and therefore need to be removed from this conviviality for their protection, become the target of public policies and their protective measures. The institutionalization of childhood was strongly questioned as to its effectiveness in guaranteeing rights, especially in relation to family and community life. Thus, through the PNAS (National Plan of Social Assistance, 2004), a new modality of foster care, the family, is established, which with the amendments of law nº. 12.010 of 2009 made by ECA (Children and Adolescent Statute), it becomes priority against the institutional care. The foster families are volunteers and go through selection and training by the technical teams of the programs and thus receive and welcome in their homes the children and adolescents sent to them. The objective of the present research was to map the affections in this context of foster care, which includes the society in the accomplishment of a public policy of protection. This was possible through the accompaniment of two foster families from different cities in the interior of São Paulo, through meetings with such families, phone calls and conversations, and material from Facebook. Among the affects mapped out are the rivalry and ambivalence and others coming from difficulties, especially in relation to the end of the foster care.
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Palavras-chave
Acolhimento familiar, Dispositivo de institucionalização, Afetos, Cartografia