Doses de suplemento e aditivos na recria de tourinhos Nelore em pastagem e seu impacto na terminação em confinamento
Carregando...
Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Renesto, Diego Monteira [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito da substituição da virginiamicina (VM) por óleos funcionais (OF) a base de mamona e castanha de caju, na recria (Exp. 1) de tourinhos da raça Nelore mantidos em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu no período de seca de Junho a Setembro de 2015 e terminação (Exp. 2) em confinamento de Outubro a Dezembro do mesmo ano, sendo que nesta fase o tratamento com VM teve inclusão de monensina sódica (MN). Foram utilizados 40 tourinhos Nelore com peso corporal (PC) inicial médio de 403,8 ± 24 kg. Durante o período de seca foram estudados dois níveis de suplementação x dois aditivos, sendo os tratamentos: suplemento proteico/energético com VM (175 ou 70 mg/kg de suplemento) ou OF (2260 ou 810 mg/kg de suplemento), fornecidos na quantidade de 3 ou 6 g por kg-1 do PC, respectivamente. Foram utilizados oito piquetes com capim Marandu (dois por tratamento) manejados em sistema de lotação contínua com duração de 104 dias. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 2 × 2 (doses × aditivos) com medidas repetidas no tempo (três períodos). Na fase de recria foram realizadas avaliações de massa, estrutura e qualidade da forragem e desempenho animal. Durante a fase final em confinamento os animais foram alocados em baias individuais recebendo os mesmos aditivos da fase anterior (VM ou OF nas doses de 29,2 e 700 mg/kg de MS de suplemento, respectivamente) sendo mantido o histórico da suplementação utilizado na fase de recria em pastagem, exceto com inclusão de MN (31,7 mg/kg de MS do concentrado) no tratamento VM na fase de confinamento. Foi avaliada a influência do manejo adotado na recria, sobre o consumo e desempenho dos animais na fase de confinamento. Os animais permaneceram no confinamento por 74 dias, quando foram abatidos com peso médio de 582,48 ± 29 kg. Foi adotado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, com 10 repetições (animais) por tratamento. Na fase de recria, não foram constatadas diferenças nas características da forragem estudadas. O consumo de forragem e de proteína bruta não apresentou diferença nos animais do tratamento 6 g kg-1 do PC, com relação aos tratamentos de menor nível de suplementação. O consumo de matéria seca total, fibra em detergente neutro e de nutrientes digestíveis totais não apresentou diferença, considerando os animais dos diferentes tratamentos. Os resultados referentes aos parâmetros metabólicos, pH e N-NH3 não diferiram entre os tratamentos estudados. A eficiência microbiana não apresentou diferença entre os tratamentos e o balanço de nitrogênio foi maior nos animais dos tratamentos que receberam maior nível de suplementação. O maior nível de suplementação de 6 g kg-1 do PC proporcionou maior taxa de lotação e maior ganho médio diário (GMD), bem como o aditivo VM proporcionou maior desempenho animal. Na fase de terminação em confinamento, os tratamentos com aditivo VM + MN, proporcionaram menor consumo de matéria seca. A suplementação na fase de recria de 3 g kg-1 PC contendo o aditivo OF, apresentou menor rendimento de carcaça após a fase de confinamento. O GMD e a conversão alimentar dos animais não apresentoram diferença dentre os tratamentos na fase de confinamento.
The present project aimed to evaluate the effect of virginiamycin substitution by functional oils, based on castor bean and cashew nut, in the rearing phase (Exp. 1) of Nelore bulls kept in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu in transition period of rainy/dry season from June to September 2015, terminating phase (Exp. 2) in confinement from October to December of the same year, which in this stage, virginiamycin treatment included sodium monensin. 40 Nelore bulls were used, with body weight average of 403,8 ± 24 kg. During transition period were studied two levels of supplementation versus two additives, which were: protein / energetic supplement with virginiamycin (175 or 70 mg/kg of supplement) or functional oils (2260 or 810 mg/kg of supplement), supplied in 3 or 6 g.kg-1 of body weight amount, respectively. Eight areas with Marandu grass (two per treatment) were used in continuous stocking system during 104 days. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (doses × additives) with repeated measures of time (three periods). At rearing phase were performed evaluations of mass, structure and quality of the forage and animal performance. During the final confinement phase, the animals were allocated to individual stalls receiving the same additives from the previous phase (virginiamycin or functional oils at the doses of 29.2 and 700 mg/kg of dry matter supplement, respectively), maintaining the history of the supplementation used in rearing phase, except the inclusion of sodium monensin (31.7 mg/kg of dry matter supplement) in the virginiamycin treatment at confinement phase. It was evaluated the influence of the management adopted in the rearing, on the consumption and performance of the animals at confinement phase. The animals remained in the confinement for 74 days, when they were slaughtered with average weight about 582.48 ± 29 kg. A completely randomized design was adopted, with four treatments, with 10 replicates (animals) per treatment. In the rearing phase, no differences were observed in the forage characteristics studied. Forage and raw protein consumption did not differ on animals of 6 g.kg-1 of body weight treatment, related with treatments of lower level supplementation. The total dry matter consumption, fiber in neutral detergent and total digestible nutrients did not differ, considering the animals of different treatments. The results regarding the metabolic parameters, pH and N-NH3 did not differ among the treatments studied. The microbial efficiency did not show any difference between the treatments, and the nitrogen balance was higher in the animals whose received highest levels of supplementation. Higher supplementation levels of 6 g.kg-1 of body weight provided higher stocking rate and higher average daily gain, as well as virginiamycin additive provided higher animal performance. On terminating phase in confinement, the treatments with virginiamycin + sodium monensin, provided lower consumption of dry matter. The supplementation on rearing phase of 3 g.kg-1 of body weight, containing functional oils additive, presented lower carcass yield after the confinement phase. Average daily gain and feed conversion of animals showed no difference among the treatments on confinement phase.
The present project aimed to evaluate the effect of virginiamycin substitution by functional oils, based on castor bean and cashew nut, in the rearing phase (Exp. 1) of Nelore bulls kept in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu in transition period of rainy/dry season from June to September 2015, terminating phase (Exp. 2) in confinement from October to December of the same year, which in this stage, virginiamycin treatment included sodium monensin. 40 Nelore bulls were used, with body weight average of 403,8 ± 24 kg. During transition period were studied two levels of supplementation versus two additives, which were: protein / energetic supplement with virginiamycin (175 or 70 mg/kg of supplement) or functional oils (2260 or 810 mg/kg of supplement), supplied in 3 or 6 g.kg-1 of body weight amount, respectively. Eight areas with Marandu grass (two per treatment) were used in continuous stocking system during 104 days. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (doses × additives) with repeated measures of time (three periods). At rearing phase were performed evaluations of mass, structure and quality of the forage and animal performance. During the final confinement phase, the animals were allocated to individual stalls receiving the same additives from the previous phase (virginiamycin or functional oils at the doses of 29.2 and 700 mg/kg of dry matter supplement, respectively), maintaining the history of the supplementation used in rearing phase, except the inclusion of sodium monensin (31.7 mg/kg of dry matter supplement) in the virginiamycin treatment at confinement phase. It was evaluated the influence of the management adopted in the rearing, on the consumption and performance of the animals at confinement phase. The animals remained in the confinement for 74 days, when they were slaughtered with average weight about 582.48 ± 29 kg. A completely randomized design was adopted, with four treatments, with 10 replicates (animals) per treatment. In the rearing phase, no differences were observed in the forage characteristics studied. Forage and raw protein consumption did not differ on animals of 6 g.kg-1 of body weight treatment, related with treatments of lower level supplementation. The total dry matter consumption, fiber in neutral detergent and total digestible nutrients did not differ, considering the animals of different treatments. The results regarding the metabolic parameters, pH and N-NH3 did not differ among the treatments studied. The microbial efficiency did not show any difference between the treatments, and the nitrogen balance was higher in the animals whose received highest levels of supplementation. Higher supplementation levels of 6 g.kg-1 of body weight provided higher stocking rate and higher average daily gain, as well as virginiamycin additive provided higher animal performance. On terminating phase in confinement, the treatments with virginiamycin + sodium monensin, provided lower consumption of dry matter. The supplementation on rearing phase of 3 g.kg-1 of body weight, containing functional oils additive, presented lower carcass yield after the confinement phase. Average daily gain and feed conversion of animals showed no difference among the treatments on confinement phase.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bovinos de corte, Confinamento, Óleos funcionais, Pastagens, Suplementação, Virginiamicina, Beef cattle, Confinement, Functional oils, Forages, Supplementation, Virginiamycin