Interações biológicas e microbiológicas da liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr oxidadas e não oxidadas: estudo in vitro
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2017-03-20
Autores
Mello, Daphne de Camargo Reis [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a influência da liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr e de seus elementos básicos, submetidos ou não ao processo de oxidação, na atividade de osteoblastos e na formação de biofilmes monotípicos. As amostras foram confeccionadas com diferentes materiais: a) titânio puro (Ti - controle); b) liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr (L); c) Nb (nióbio); d) Zr (zircônio); e) Ti oxidado (TiO); f) liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr oxidada (LO); g) Nb oxidado (NbO); h) Zr oxidado(ZrO). Previamente ao estudo in vitro, todas as amostras foram caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de dispersão de energia (EDS) para observar a topografia de superfície e a presença dos elementos básicos. Células mesenquimais obtidas de fêmures de rato, após diferenciação em osteoblastos foram cultivadas sobre as amostras. Após períodos pré-determinados, foram realizados os testes de citotoxicidade, atividade de fosfatase alcalina, produção de proteína total, formação e quantificação dos nódulos de mineralização adesão e proliferação celular. Para análise da formação dos biofilmes monotípicos, suspensões padronizadas (106 céls/mL) com micro-organismos de S. aureus, S. mutans, P. aeruginosa e C. albicans foram cultivados por 24 h sobre as amostras e submetidos ao teste de MTT. Todas as amostras permitiram o espraiamento celular. O Nb e Zr exibiram uma adesão celular mais madura com prolongamentos celulares evidenciados. O Ti e a L apresentaram maior viabilidade celular sendo estatísticamente diferente dos demais (p<0,05). O ZrO apresentou menor viabilidade exibindo diferença estatística com o Ti e a Liga. O NbO expressou maior quantidade de proteína total com diferença estatística da L, Zr e LO (p<0,05) enquanto o Zr exibiu o menor resultado com diferença estatística do Ti, Nb, TiO, NbO e ZrO. Na quantificação da atividade de fosfatase alcalina o Zr apresentou o melhor resultado e foi estatísticamente diferente de todos os demais (p<0,05). O Ti demostrou menor atividade de fosfatase alcalina diferindo estatísticamente do Nb, Zr e ZrO. O Ti demonstrou o maior resultado na quantificação dos nódulos de mineralização com diferença estatística do NbO e ZrO. O ZrO exibiu menor resultado sendo semelhante estatísticamente ao Zr e ao NbO. Em todos os grupos foram observadas a proliferação celular onde a LO apresentou o maior número de células proliferadas e o ZrO a menor proliferação sendo que não houve diferença estatística. O elemento Nb, independente da oxidação obteve a menor formação de biofilme para S. aureus e P. aeruginosa com diferença estatística (p<0,05) do Zr, TiO, LO e NbO para S. aureus e Ti para P. aeruginosa. O elemento Ti, oxidado ou não, obteve menor formação de biofilme para C. albicans e S. mutans com diferença estatística de todos para ambos os microrganismos (p<0,05). O Zr apresentou maior formação de biofilme para S. aureus com diferença estatística do Ti, Liga, Nb, LO e ZrO. O ZrO demonstrou maior formação de biofilme para S. mutans com diferença estatística dos demais (<0,05). Para C. albicans a L demostrou maior aderência de biofilme diferindo estatísticamente dos demais. Concluímos que a liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr apresentou influência positiva na atividade osteoblástica nos testes in vitro bem como na avaliação microbiológica quanto a formação de biofilmes monotípicos podendo ser idicada para o uso biomédico. Sugere-se que a diminuição de quantidade de biofilme observada seja devido a ação do elemento básico Nióbio enquanto que o Zircônio pode ter auxiliado na diferenciação celular. Devido a variedade de resultados encontrados nas amostras oxidadas, mais estudos que abordem a influência desta superfície no comportamento celular de osteoblastos e microbiológicos são necessários.
The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of the Ti-35Nb-7Zr alloy and its basic elements, whether or not subjected to the oxidation process, on the osteoblast activity and on the formation of monotypic biofilms. The samples were made with different materials: a) pure titanium (Ti - control); B) Ti-35Nb-7Zr (A) alloy; C) Nb (niobium); D) Zr (zirconium); E) Oxidized Ti (TiO); F) oxidized Ti-35Nb-7Zr (AO); G) Nb oxidized (NbO); H) Oxidized Zr (ZrO). Prior to the in vitro study, all samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to observe the surface topography and the presence of the basic elements. Mesenchymal cells obtained from mouse femurs after differentiation into osteoblasts were cultured in the samples. After pre-determined periods, cytotoxicity tests, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein production, formation and quantification of the mineralization nodules, adhesion and cell proliferation were performed. To analyze the formation of monotypic biofilms, standardized suspensions (106 cells / ml) with S. aureus, S. mutans, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans microorganisms were cultured for 24 h on the samples and submitted to the MTT test. All samples allowed for cell spreading. Nb and Zr exhibited more mature cell adhesion with evidenced cell extensions. The Ti and A presented greater cell viability being statistically different from the others (p <0.05). ZrO presented lower viability exhibiting statistical difference with Ti and A. The NbO expressed the highest amount of total protein with a statistical difference of L, Zr, and AO (p <0.05) while Zr showed the lowest result with a statistical difference of Ti, Nb, TiO, NbO, and ZrO. In the quantification of the alkaline phosphatase activity, the Zr presented the best result and was statistically different from all the others (p <0.05). Ti showed lower alkaline phosphatase activity differing statistically from Nb, Zr, and ZrO. Ti showed the highest result in the quantification of mineralization nodules with a statistical difference of NbO and ZrO. ZrO showed lower result being statistically similar to Zr and NbO. In all groups, cell proliferation was observed where AO had the highest number of proliferated cells and ZrO had the lowest proliferation, and there was no statistical difference. The Nb element, independent of oxidation, obtained the lowest biofilm formation for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with a statistical difference (p <0.05) of Zr, TiO, AO and NbO for S. aureus and Ti for P. aeruginosa. The Ti element, oxidized or not, obtained lower biofilm formation for C. albicans and S. mutans with a statistical difference of all for both microorganisms (p <0.05). The Zr presented higher biofilm formation for S. aureus with a statistical difference of Ti, A, Nb, AO and ZrO. The ZrO showed a higher biofilm formation for S. mutans with a statistical difference of the others (p <0.05). For C. albicans an L showed a higher biofilm adhesion differing statistically from the others. We conclude that the Ti-35Nb-7Zr alloy had a positive influence on the osteoblastic activity in the in vitro tests as well as on the microbiological evaluation regarding the formation of monotypic biofilms and could be used for biomedical use. It is suggested that the decrease in the amount of biofilm observed is due to the action of the basic element Niobium whereas Zirconium may have aided in cell differentiation. Due to the variety of results found in the oxidized samples, further studies that address the influence of this surface on osteoblast and microbiological cell behavior are required.
The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the influence of the Ti-35Nb-7Zr alloy and its basic elements, whether or not subjected to the oxidation process, on the osteoblast activity and on the formation of monotypic biofilms. The samples were made with different materials: a) pure titanium (Ti - control); B) Ti-35Nb-7Zr (A) alloy; C) Nb (niobium); D) Zr (zirconium); E) Oxidized Ti (TiO); F) oxidized Ti-35Nb-7Zr (AO); G) Nb oxidized (NbO); H) Oxidized Zr (ZrO). Prior to the in vitro study, all samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to observe the surface topography and the presence of the basic elements. Mesenchymal cells obtained from mouse femurs after differentiation into osteoblasts were cultured in the samples. After pre-determined periods, cytotoxicity tests, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein production, formation and quantification of the mineralization nodules, adhesion and cell proliferation were performed. To analyze the formation of monotypic biofilms, standardized suspensions (106 cells / ml) with S. aureus, S. mutans, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans microorganisms were cultured for 24 h on the samples and submitted to the MTT test. All samples allowed for cell spreading. Nb and Zr exhibited more mature cell adhesion with evidenced cell extensions. The Ti and A presented greater cell viability being statistically different from the others (p <0.05). ZrO presented lower viability exhibiting statistical difference with Ti and A. The NbO expressed the highest amount of total protein with a statistical difference of L, Zr, and AO (p <0.05) while Zr showed the lowest result with a statistical difference of Ti, Nb, TiO, NbO, and ZrO. In the quantification of the alkaline phosphatase activity, the Zr presented the best result and was statistically different from all the others (p <0.05). Ti showed lower alkaline phosphatase activity differing statistically from Nb, Zr, and ZrO. Ti showed the highest result in the quantification of mineralization nodules with a statistical difference of NbO and ZrO. ZrO showed lower result being statistically similar to Zr and NbO. In all groups, cell proliferation was observed where AO had the highest number of proliferated cells and ZrO had the lowest proliferation, and there was no statistical difference. The Nb element, independent of oxidation, obtained the lowest biofilm formation for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with a statistical difference (p <0.05) of Zr, TiO, AO and NbO for S. aureus and Ti for P. aeruginosa. The Ti element, oxidized or not, obtained lower biofilm formation for C. albicans and S. mutans with a statistical difference of all for both microorganisms (p <0.05). The Zr presented higher biofilm formation for S. aureus with a statistical difference of Ti, A, Nb, AO and ZrO. The ZrO showed a higher biofilm formation for S. mutans with a statistical difference of the others (p <0.05). For C. albicans an L showed a higher biofilm adhesion differing statistically from the others. We conclude that the Ti-35Nb-7Zr alloy had a positive influence on the osteoblastic activity in the in vitro tests as well as on the microbiological evaluation regarding the formation of monotypic biofilms and could be used for biomedical use. It is suggested that the decrease in the amount of biofilm observed is due to the action of the basic element Niobium whereas Zirconium may have aided in cell differentiation. Due to the variety of results found in the oxidized samples, further studies that address the influence of this surface on osteoblast and microbiological cell behavior are required.
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Palavras-chave
Liga Ti-35Nb-7Zr, Biofilme, Osteoblastos, Oxidação