Contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural para o ensino de matemática nos anos iniciais
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Data
2017-03-29
Autores
Oliveira, Michelle Cristina Munhoz Di Flora [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A partir dos pressupostos da teoria histórico-cultural e de um currículo de Matemática, desenvolvido na perspectiva dessa teoria, o objetivo principal da pesquisa foi investigar as contribuições que as produções científicas, publicadas a partir de 2012 (até meados de 2016), podem oferecer para um currículo de Matemática dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, baseado na Teoria Histórico-Cultural. A metodologia utilizada foi a da Análise de Conteúdo, cuja coleta de dados realizou-se nos sites de publicações científicas: SiELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), BDTD (Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações) e CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico). No primeiro por meio dos periódicos, no segundo por teses e dissertações e no terceiro por grupos de pesquisas. Um corpus construído por vinte documentos compuseram a grelha de análise, cujas categorias criadas a partir da confluência entre o objetivo e os documentos selecionados pelos critérios metodológicos foram: apropriação do conceito, recursos didáticos, organização do ensino, atividade coletiva e avaliação. Perante cada uma, foram observadas as ações e contribuições que as pesquisas analisadas trouxeram, no âmbito do ensino de Matemática, para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, na dialética entre teoria e prática pedagógica. Dentre os conceitos matemáticos que compuseram o resultado e análise desta pesquisa destacamos: o conceito de número, propriedades da adição, medidas, formas geométricas, pesquisa e gráficos estatísticos. Conclui-se que essas cinco categorias materializaram-se como elementos integradores para a construção de uma proposta curricular de Matemática nos anos iniciais, além de que fazem jus a uma organização de ensino adequada para os anos iniciais dentro dos pressupostos da Teoria Histórico-cultural. Como produto, esta pesquisa produziu um Caderno Didático, organizado por eixo, conforme o Parâmetro Curricular Nacional do Ensino Fundamental, e por ano, contendo as contribuições das pesquisas com comentários baseados nas análises e organizado de tal forma, a contribuir com o educador no planejamento de suas ações, na sua atividade de ensino e na discussão curricular.
Based on the assumptions of historical-cultural theory and a mathematical curriculum developed from the perspective of this theory, the main objective of the research was to investigate the contributions that scientific productions, published since 2012 (until mid-2016), can offer For a Mathematics curriculum of the first years of elementary school, based on Historical-Cultural Theory. The methodology used was that of Content Analysis, whose data collection was carried out in scientific publications sites: SiELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), BDTD (Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development ). In the first one through the periodicals, in the second by theses and dissertations and in the third by research groups. A corpus of twenty documents composed the analysis grid, whose categories created from the confluence between the objective and the documents selected by the methodological criteria were: appropriation of the concept, didactic resources, teaching organization, collective activity and evaluation. Before each one, the actions and contributions that the analyzed researches have brought, in the scope of Mathematics teaching, to the initial years of elementary education, in the dialectic between theory and pedagogical practice were observed. Among the mathematical concepts that made up the result and analysis of this research we highlight: the concept of number, properties of addition, measures, geometric forms, research and statistical graphs. It is concluded that these five categories materialized as integrating elements for the construction of a curricular proposal of Mathematics in the initial years, besides that they are justified to an adequate teaching organization for the initial years within the assumptions of the Historical-cultural Theory. As a product, this research produced a Didactic Book, organized by axis, according to the National Curricular Parameter of Elementary School, and per year, containing the contributions of the surveys with comments based on the analyzes and organized in such a way, to contribute with the educator in the planning Of their actions, in their teaching activity and in the curricular discussion.
Based on the assumptions of historical-cultural theory and a mathematical curriculum developed from the perspective of this theory, the main objective of the research was to investigate the contributions that scientific productions, published since 2012 (until mid-2016), can offer For a Mathematics curriculum of the first years of elementary school, based on Historical-Cultural Theory. The methodology used was that of Content Analysis, whose data collection was carried out in scientific publications sites: SiELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), BDTD (Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development ). In the first one through the periodicals, in the second by theses and dissertations and in the third by research groups. A corpus of twenty documents composed the analysis grid, whose categories created from the confluence between the objective and the documents selected by the methodological criteria were: appropriation of the concept, didactic resources, teaching organization, collective activity and evaluation. Before each one, the actions and contributions that the analyzed researches have brought, in the scope of Mathematics teaching, to the initial years of elementary education, in the dialectic between theory and pedagogical practice were observed. Among the mathematical concepts that made up the result and analysis of this research we highlight: the concept of number, properties of addition, measures, geometric forms, research and statistical graphs. It is concluded that these five categories materialized as integrating elements for the construction of a curricular proposal of Mathematics in the initial years, besides that they are justified to an adequate teaching organization for the initial years within the assumptions of the Historical-cultural Theory. As a product, this research produced a Didactic Book, organized by axis, according to the National Curricular Parameter of Elementary School, and per year, containing the contributions of the surveys with comments based on the analyzes and organized in such a way, to contribute with the educator in the planning Of their actions, in their teaching activity and in the curricular discussion.
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Palavras-chave
Histórico-cultural, Educação Matemática, Anos iniciais, Currículo, Historical-cultural, Mathematical Education, Early years, Curriculum