Análise do custo de intervenções para promoção de atividade física em unidades de saúde da família de Rio Claro-SP
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2017-03-10
Autores
Campos, Leonardo de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Introdução: No Brasil, o diabetes mellitus e a hipertensão arterial são responsáveis por gasto anual de R$12.3 bilhões e R$1.3 bilhões e praticar atividade física (AF) reduz esses gastos. Programas de promoção de AF no lazer na Atenção Básica de Saúde têm sido incentivados, mas poucos estudos no Brasil apresentam seus custos. Objetivo: Investigar o custo da intervenção de breve aconselhamento e de exercício físico supervisionado em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF), e a influência no nível de AF no lazer e no transporte em pessoas diabéticas e hipertensas, durante um ano. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 67 adultos diabéticos e/ou hipertensos de ambos os sexos, de 4 USF do município de Rio Claro-SP. Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos de intervenção por meio de sorteio. Grupo aconselhamento (GA): aconselhamento para a prática de AF; Grupo exercício físico (GEF): prática de exercícios físicos nas USF, 2 vezes por semana com duração de 60 minutos; Grupo Perda (GP): participantes que foram convidados a participarem do GEF, mas não aderiram e Grupo Controle (GC): os participantes foram orientados a manter as atividades rotineiras. Os participantes foram avaliados a cada três meses (5 momentos) quanto ao nível de AF (IPAQ), percepção de saúde, variáveis antropométricas e os custos com saúde. As variáveis foram expressas em média, desvio padrão e porcentagem. Para verificar diferença entre grupos no nível de AF inicial, custo médio com medicamentos mensal e anual foi realizada uma Anova one-way, e para diferença entre os grupos nos momentos foi realizada uma Anova fatorial com intenção de tratar no programa SPSS versão 21.0. Resultados: Houve aumento na média do nível de AF no lazer para o grupo GA (20min ± 153,37) e GEF (106min ± 108,14), e diminuição para o grupo controle (15min ± 72,22) entre o momento inicial e final. Não houve efeito das intervenções sobre os custos com medicamento anual no SUS. O custo anual do GA (R$ 61,05) é menor do que o custo do GEF (R$ 95,52) por pessoa. Entretanto, o GEF tem menor custo por cada minuto de AF. Conclusão: As duas intervenções parecem aumentar o nível de AF após um ano, porém o breve aconselhamento é mais barato e o PEFUS demonstrou custar menos por minuto de AF.
Background: Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are related to more than R$ 12.3 billion and R$ 1.3 billion annual expenses in Brazil and being physically active reduces the occurrence of this expense. Programs that increase the level of physical activity (PA) in leisure time be incentived in primary care, but few studies in Brazil to show their cost. Objective: to investigate the cost of intervention with Brief advice and Physical Exercise and them influence in PA in leisure time and transport, in hypertensive and diabetic individuals of family health units (USF). Methods: the study included 67 diabetic and / or hypertensive adults of both genders from 4 USF in Rio Claro-SP, Brazil. Participants were divided into four intervention groups in a randomization fashion. Group BA: counseling for PA; Group PEFUS: exercise intervention in USF, twice a week for 60 minutes; Group lost: invited to participate in PEFUS but didn’t engage; and Group control: were instructed to maintain their regular activities. Participants were evaluated every three months (5 moments) about their PA level, health perception, anthropometric variables and health cost. The variables were expressed as mean, standard deviation and percentage. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare initial PA level and average cost of annual and monthly medication between groups. Changes over time and between groups were analyzed by means of two-way factorial ANOVAs with intention to treat. Results: The GA and GEF groups increased their leisure time PA in 20 (±153,37) and 106 minutes (±108,14), respectively whereas the control group decreased by 15 minutes (±72,22) between the final and initial moment. These was not effect of interventions on annual cost with drugs in the Brazilian health system. The annual cost of GA (R$ 61,05) is cheaper than GEF (R$ 95,52) per person. However, the GEF has the lowest cost per minute of PA. Conclusion: the both interventions seem to increase de PA level after one year, however the brief advice is cheaper and PEFUS has a lower cost per minute of PA.
Background: Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are related to more than R$ 12.3 billion and R$ 1.3 billion annual expenses in Brazil and being physically active reduces the occurrence of this expense. Programs that increase the level of physical activity (PA) in leisure time be incentived in primary care, but few studies in Brazil to show their cost. Objective: to investigate the cost of intervention with Brief advice and Physical Exercise and them influence in PA in leisure time and transport, in hypertensive and diabetic individuals of family health units (USF). Methods: the study included 67 diabetic and / or hypertensive adults of both genders from 4 USF in Rio Claro-SP, Brazil. Participants were divided into four intervention groups in a randomization fashion. Group BA: counseling for PA; Group PEFUS: exercise intervention in USF, twice a week for 60 minutes; Group lost: invited to participate in PEFUS but didn’t engage; and Group control: were instructed to maintain their regular activities. Participants were evaluated every three months (5 moments) about their PA level, health perception, anthropometric variables and health cost. The variables were expressed as mean, standard deviation and percentage. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare initial PA level and average cost of annual and monthly medication between groups. Changes over time and between groups were analyzed by means of two-way factorial ANOVAs with intention to treat. Results: The GA and GEF groups increased their leisure time PA in 20 (±153,37) and 106 minutes (±108,14), respectively whereas the control group decreased by 15 minutes (±72,22) between the final and initial moment. These was not effect of interventions on annual cost with drugs in the Brazilian health system. The annual cost of GA (R$ 61,05) is cheaper than GEF (R$ 95,52) per person. However, the GEF has the lowest cost per minute of PA. Conclusion: the both interventions seem to increase de PA level after one year, however the brief advice is cheaper and PEFUS has a lower cost per minute of PA.
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Palavras-chave
Exercício físico, Atenção básica de saúde, Custo, Diabéticos, Hipertensos