Manejo do solo e das culturas em áreas de renovação de canavial no oeste paulista
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Data
2017-02-01
Autores
Müller, Rafael do Val [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O oeste paulista é caracterizado por solos de textura arenosa, alta demanda evapotranspirativa e períodos de défice hídrico durante a estação chuvosa. Além disso, nas reformas dos canaviais, é comum ocorrer preparo convencional do solo que aliado a prática de pousio no período chuvoso pode proporcionar problemas com erosão do solo, além de baixa produtividade e longevidade do canavial. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Pólo Regional do Extremo Oeste, em Andradina-SP, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da sucessão de culturas combinado com diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo. O experimento foi instalado em esquema fatorial 3X6, consistindo nos tratamentos preparo do solo (convencional, preparo reduzido e plantio direto) e 6 espécies utilizadas em sucessão, sendo uma associação de Crotalaria juncea L. e Dolichos lablab L.; amendoim, soja, milho, sorgo sacarino e pousio. Antes de implantar as culturas, realizou a dessecação da cana com glifosate, na dose de 2160 g ha-1 60 dias após o corte. Foram analisados os sistemas radiculares das culturas de sucessão, pousio e cana de açúcar, componentes de produtividade e produtividade das culturas comerciais e cana, biomassa seca da parte aérea, teores foliares de nutrientes, teor de nutrientes no solo e resistência mecânica do solo a penetração. Não houve efeito do manejo do solo sobre o sistema radicular das culturas em rotação. O preparo de solo e a rotação de culturas não influenciaram os teores de nitrogênio no solo nas culturas em sucessão e na cana de açúcar. Como resultado observou a baixa produtividade das culturas de sucessão devido ao défice hídrico na fase de crescimento vegetativo e reprodutivo. O preparo do solo e as culturas não influenciaram o teor de N no solo. O preparo e as culturas influenciaram nos atributos químicos do solo. O tratamento soja produziu 34400 kg ha-1 de cana a mais em comparação aos adubos verdes. O plantio direto mostrou-se mais viável para o cultivo da cana de açúcar.
The west of São Paulo is characterized by sandy soils, high evapotranspirative demand and periods of water deficit during the rainy season. In addition, in the sugarcane renew, conventional tillage is common, which, together with the rainin season, can lead to problems with soil erosion, as well as low productivity and longevity of the cane field. This work was developed at the “Polo Regional do Extremo Oeste” in Andradina, SP, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the effect of crop succession combined with different soil management systems. The experiment was installed in a 3X6 factorial, consisting of soil tillage treatments (conventional, low-tillage and no-tillage) and 5 species used in succession, being an association of Crotalaria juncea L. and Dolichos lablab L .; peanuts, soybeans, corn, sorghum, and fallow. Before planting the crops, the sugar cane was eliminated with glyphosate at the dose of 2160 g ha-1 60 days after cutting. The root systems of crop rotation, fallow and sugarcane crops; yield and yield components of crop rotation and sugarcane crops; dry shoot biomass, nutrient leaf content, soil nutrient content and soil penetration resistance were analyzed. There was no effect of soil management on the root system of rotating crops. Soil tillage and crop rotation did not influence soil nitrogen contents in succession crops and in sugarcane. As a result, it observed the low productivity of succession cultures due to the water deficit in the vegetative and reproductive growth phase. Soil tillage and cropping did not influence soil N content. The tillage and the crop rotation influenced the chemical attributes of the soil. Soybeans cultivation produced 34400 kg ha-1 more sugarcane compared to green manures. No-till proved to be more feasible for growing sugarcane.
The west of São Paulo is characterized by sandy soils, high evapotranspirative demand and periods of water deficit during the rainy season. In addition, in the sugarcane renew, conventional tillage is common, which, together with the rainin season, can lead to problems with soil erosion, as well as low productivity and longevity of the cane field. This work was developed at the “Polo Regional do Extremo Oeste” in Andradina, SP, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the effect of crop succession combined with different soil management systems. The experiment was installed in a 3X6 factorial, consisting of soil tillage treatments (conventional, low-tillage and no-tillage) and 5 species used in succession, being an association of Crotalaria juncea L. and Dolichos lablab L .; peanuts, soybeans, corn, sorghum, and fallow. Before planting the crops, the sugar cane was eliminated with glyphosate at the dose of 2160 g ha-1 60 days after cutting. The root systems of crop rotation, fallow and sugarcane crops; yield and yield components of crop rotation and sugarcane crops; dry shoot biomass, nutrient leaf content, soil nutrient content and soil penetration resistance were analyzed. There was no effect of soil management on the root system of rotating crops. Soil tillage and crop rotation did not influence soil nitrogen contents in succession crops and in sugarcane. As a result, it observed the low productivity of succession cultures due to the water deficit in the vegetative and reproductive growth phase. Soil tillage and cropping did not influence soil N content. The tillage and the crop rotation influenced the chemical attributes of the soil. Soybeans cultivation produced 34400 kg ha-1 more sugarcane compared to green manures. No-till proved to be more feasible for growing sugarcane.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Rotação de culturas, Cultivo mínimo, Nitrogênio no solo, Glycine max, Cana de açúcar, Crop rotation, Low tillage, Soil nitrogen, Sugarcane