BRICS e as contingências do discurso
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Data
2017-04-30
Autores
Santos, Renato Xavier [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do trabalho é analisar o papel do discurso na formação do BRICS. A hipótese é que os discursos possibilitaram a aproximação entre os cinco países e forjaram uma identidade contingencial entre Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e, posteriormente, África do Sul. Para testar a hipótese, será utilizado o referencial teórico pós-estruturalista de Laclau e Mouffe (1985), bem como o dos teóricos das Relações Internacionais que trabalham com identidade e discurso nos estudos de política externa. Como metodologia, foram eleitos 22 discursos proferidos pelos líderes dos países BRICS no âmbito da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, com um recorte temporal de 2002 a 2009. Além disso, será analisado o documento resultante da I Reunião de Cúpula do BRIC, em 2009. Com isso, pretende-se testar alguns elementos discursivos presentes no BRICS para demonstrar a formação do arranjo a partir de uma identidade contingencial. Os elementos discursivos a serem investigados são os seguintes: (1) contingência do discurso; (2) identidade relacional; (3) pratica articulatória; (4) discurso hegemônico. O discurso é um complexo de elementos dados a partir de um conjunto de relações. No âmbito das relações internacionais, as interações acontecem em diversos campos da política. Particularmente, a Organização das Nações Unidas é uma importante arena de embate político, mas também de cooperação entre as nações. Por aglutinar diversas demandas específicas, a Organização das Nações Unidas é um dos principais espaços de interação social, no qual os Estados e outros agentes sociais procuram representar, significar e ressignificar as relações sociais. As relações diplomáticas também são capazes de criar novas percepções sobre o mundo. Dessas interações, novas identidades são construídas ou reconstruídas e interpretadas à luz da linguagem discursiva.
The objective of this work is to analyze the role of discourse in the formation of BRICS. The hypothesis is that the discourses made possible the approximation between the five countries and forged a contingent identity between Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. To test the hypothesis, we will use the post-structuralist theoretical framework of Laclau and Mouffe (1985), as well as that of International Relations theorists who work with identity and discourse in foreign policy studies. In terms of methodology, it will be analyzed 22 speeches delivered by the leaders of BRICS countries at General Assembly of the United Nations from 2002 to 2009. In addition, the document resulting from the I BRIC Summit, in 2009, will be studied. Therefore, we intend to test some discursive elements present in the BRICS to demonstrate the formation of the arrangement from a contingencial identity. The discursive elements to be investigated are the following: (1) contingency of discourse; 2) relational identity; (3) articulatory practice; (4) hegemonic discourse. Discourse is a complex of elements given from a set of relations. In the context of international relations, interactions take place in various fields of politics. In particular, the United Nations is an important arena of political struggle, but also of cooperation among nations. Because it brings together several specific demands, the United Nations is one of the main spaces of social interaction, in which States and other social agents seek to represent, signify and re-signify social relations. Diplomatic relations are also capable of creating new insights about the world. From these interactions, new identities are constructed or reconstructed and interpreted in the light of discursive language.
The objective of this work is to analyze the role of discourse in the formation of BRICS. The hypothesis is that the discourses made possible the approximation between the five countries and forged a contingent identity between Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. To test the hypothesis, we will use the post-structuralist theoretical framework of Laclau and Mouffe (1985), as well as that of International Relations theorists who work with identity and discourse in foreign policy studies. In terms of methodology, it will be analyzed 22 speeches delivered by the leaders of BRICS countries at General Assembly of the United Nations from 2002 to 2009. In addition, the document resulting from the I BRIC Summit, in 2009, will be studied. Therefore, we intend to test some discursive elements present in the BRICS to demonstrate the formation of the arrangement from a contingencial identity. The discursive elements to be investigated are the following: (1) contingency of discourse; 2) relational identity; (3) articulatory practice; (4) hegemonic discourse. Discourse is a complex of elements given from a set of relations. In the context of international relations, interactions take place in various fields of politics. In particular, the United Nations is an important arena of political struggle, but also of cooperation among nations. Because it brings together several specific demands, the United Nations is one of the main spaces of social interaction, in which States and other social agents seek to represent, signify and re-signify social relations. Diplomatic relations are also capable of creating new insights about the world. From these interactions, new identities are constructed or reconstructed and interpreted in the light of discursive language.
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Palavras-chave
BRICS, Discurso, Contingência, Identidade, Pós-estruturalismo