Tradução, adaptação e representação da identidade negra em reescritas de Uncle Tom's Cabin, de Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Data
2017-03-16
Autores
Sousa, Thaís Polegato de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Tradução e adaptação podem ser ferramentas de resistência para culturas e identidades não hegemônicas ou para a manutenção de formas de identificação e manifestações culturais dominantes no cenário mundial. Nesta dissertação, procuramos observar como uma adaptação e duas traduções brasileiras de A Cabana do Pai Tomás abordam questões de identificação e de narrativas raciais ao longo de um período de tempo (cerca de 60 anos) em que o paradigma tradicional do Brasil em relação à raça começa a ser questionado, em grande parte devido ao contato com as noções de raça dominantes na cultura estadunidense. Também observamos como a negociação, caracterizada por ser assimétrica e apropriadora, é aplicada nas reescritas selecionadas, e quais os ganhos e perdas advindos dos diferentes níveis de abertura ao diálogo com o Outro hegemônico na tradução e na adaptação. Para isso, foram selecionadas três reescritas da obra Uncle Tom's Cabin, de Harriet Beecher Stowe, para o português brasileiro. Levando em consideração a própria temática da obra – a escravidão nos EUA –, as questões raciais inevitavelmente entram em pauta no romance e, consequentemente, as reescritas são obrigadas a lidar com os discursos raciais e a representação de identidades raciais específicas, especialmente a identidade negra. Como os discursos raciais tradicionalmente apoiados nos Estados Unidos contrastam fortemente com a narrativa racial tradicional no Brasil, as reescritas acabam por refletir ideologias raciais condizentes com o discurso de sua época, mas que podem contrastar com os discursos umas das outras. Após reflexões sobre a natureza da tradução e da adaptação como reescritas literárias e das formas de identificação na pós-modernidade, em particular as identidades raciais, foram feitas análises comparativas entre trechos do original em inglês e das três reescritas selecionadas, de modo a observar nesses excertos questões pertinentes ao discurso racial veiculado a cada reescrita e à forma como a negociação entre as culturas norte-americana e brasileira se manifestou nas opções tradutórias apresentadas.
Translation and adaptation can either represent tools of resistance for non-hegemonic cultures and identities, or tools for hegemonic identities and cultures to maintain power in a global level. This dissertation aims to observe how a Brazilian adaptation and two Brazilian translations of Uncle Tom’s Cabin deal with matters of racial identity and racial narratives spanning a period (roughly 60 years) in which the traditional Brazilian paradigm about race started to shift, in great part due to contact with concepts of race prevalent in American culture. We observed how negotiation, an approach characterized by its asymmetry and appropriative nature, acts in the selected rewritings, and which gains and losses happen when said rewritings allow varying degrees of contact with a hegemonic Other in translation and literary adaptation. With this goal, three rewritings of Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, to Brazilian Portuguese were chosen. Considering the main theme of the novel – slavery in the United Stated– racial matters inevitably come to the forefront of discussion, and therefore the rewritings have to deal with racial discourses and the representation of specific racial identities, especially black identity. Since the racial discourses traditionally associated with the United States differ significantly from the racial narrative traditional in Brazil, the rewritings can’t help but reflect racial ideologies matching the discourses prevalent at their time; however, those discourses may contrast with the discourse of the remaining rewritings. After reflecting upon the nature of translation and literary adaptation as literary rewritings and upon the formation of identities in post-modern times, racial identities in particular, we compared and analyzed excerpts of the original novel and the three selected rewritings, in order to observe in those passages matters related to the racial discourse associated with each rewriting, and the way negotiation between American and Brazilian cultures made itself known in the translation options presented.
Translation and adaptation can either represent tools of resistance for non-hegemonic cultures and identities, or tools for hegemonic identities and cultures to maintain power in a global level. This dissertation aims to observe how a Brazilian adaptation and two Brazilian translations of Uncle Tom’s Cabin deal with matters of racial identity and racial narratives spanning a period (roughly 60 years) in which the traditional Brazilian paradigm about race started to shift, in great part due to contact with concepts of race prevalent in American culture. We observed how negotiation, an approach characterized by its asymmetry and appropriative nature, acts in the selected rewritings, and which gains and losses happen when said rewritings allow varying degrees of contact with a hegemonic Other in translation and literary adaptation. With this goal, three rewritings of Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, to Brazilian Portuguese were chosen. Considering the main theme of the novel – slavery in the United Stated– racial matters inevitably come to the forefront of discussion, and therefore the rewritings have to deal with racial discourses and the representation of specific racial identities, especially black identity. Since the racial discourses traditionally associated with the United States differ significantly from the racial narrative traditional in Brazil, the rewritings can’t help but reflect racial ideologies matching the discourses prevalent at their time; however, those discourses may contrast with the discourse of the remaining rewritings. After reflecting upon the nature of translation and literary adaptation as literary rewritings and upon the formation of identities in post-modern times, racial identities in particular, we compared and analyzed excerpts of the original novel and the three selected rewritings, in order to observe in those passages matters related to the racial discourse associated with each rewriting, and the way negotiation between American and Brazilian cultures made itself known in the translation options presented.
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Palavras-chave
Estudos da tradução, Adaptação literária, Identidade negra, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Translation studies, Literary adaptation, Black identity