Setor trigonal: contribuições de uma atividade didática na formação de conceitos matemáticos na interface entre história e ensino de matemática
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Data
2017-03-20
Autores
Moraes, Michele de Souza [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida a partir do estudo de um tratado intitulado The Trigonall Sector. A obra foi publicada por John Chatfeilde, em 1650, e mostra a descrição e o uso de um instrumento matemático chamado setor trigonal. O documento apresenta relações geométricas e trigonométricas verificadas nas propriedades dos triângulos, incluindo senos, tangentes, secantes, como também cordas e relações de proporção. O objetivo geral foi investigar o movimento do pensamento de estudantes do ensino médio na formação dos conceitos inerentes ao uso do instrumento setor trigonal e seu respectivo tratado em uma atividade didática. A pesquisa é exploratória, orientada por uma interface entre história e ensino de matemática fundamentada na relação entre o movimento do pensamento na formação de conceito e o contexto no qual os conceitos foram desenvolvidos. Realizou-se estudo sobre a história de instrumentos matemáticos, o tratado e o próprio instrumento, a partir dos quais inferem-se potencialidades didáticas que desencadearam a realização de uma atividade orientadora de ensino com estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola pública. A análise das ações dos estudantes pautou-se na perspectiva lógico-histórica e dos pensamentos empírico e teórico. Verificou-se que a atividade orientadora de ensino proporcionou um diálogo entre os conhecimentos matemáticos de uma época com os atuais, o que permitiu aos participantes mobilizar conceitos matemáticos durante a atividade e auxiliá-los na compreensão do movimento do pensamento. Dentre os resultados destaca-se a relação do simples ao complexo no que tange a representação direta de um triângulo e as elaborações conceituais necessárias quanto a aparente limitação do instrumento, e o movimento do pensamento empírico para o teórico por meio de análises das classificações dos triângulos quanto aos seus lados e ângulos. A partir desta pesquisa elaborou-se um produto final em formato de livreto contendo contribuições para o ensino dos triângulos por meio do instrumento setor trigonal e seu tratado.
This dissertation was developed from a study of a treatise, titled The Trigonall Sector. This work was published by John Chatfeilde, in 1650, and shows the description and use of a mathematical instrument called trigonal sector. The document presents geometric and trigonometric relations verified in the properties of triangles, including sines, tangents, secants, as well as strings and proportion ratios. The general objective was to investigate the thinking process of students from high school when formulating inherent concepts to the use of the trigonal sector instrument and its respective treatise in a didactic activity. The research is exploratory, oriented by an interface between history and the teaching of Mathematics, based in a relation between the thinking process in forming concepts and the context in which the concepts were developed. It was conducted a study on the history of mathematical instruments, the treatise and the instruments themself, from where it is inferred didactic potentialities which resulted in the performance of an oriented teaching activity with high school students from a public school. The analyses of students’ actions were guided by a logic-historical perspective and by empirical and theoretical thinking. It was verified that this activity provided a dialogue between mathematical knowledge from a time with the present day, which allowed to the participants to mobilize mathematical concepts during the activity and assist them in the comprehension of thinking process. Among the results, it can be highlighted the relation from the simple to the complex in what regards the direct representation of a triangle and the conceptual elaboration necessary as to the apparent limitation of the instrument, and the empirical to the theoretical thinking process by the analyses of the classification of the triangles as to their sides and angles. From that research, a final product was elaborated as a booklet with contributions to the teaching of triangles by the instrument of trigonal sector and its treatise.
This dissertation was developed from a study of a treatise, titled The Trigonall Sector. This work was published by John Chatfeilde, in 1650, and shows the description and use of a mathematical instrument called trigonal sector. The document presents geometric and trigonometric relations verified in the properties of triangles, including sines, tangents, secants, as well as strings and proportion ratios. The general objective was to investigate the thinking process of students from high school when formulating inherent concepts to the use of the trigonal sector instrument and its respective treatise in a didactic activity. The research is exploratory, oriented by an interface between history and the teaching of Mathematics, based in a relation between the thinking process in forming concepts and the context in which the concepts were developed. It was conducted a study on the history of mathematical instruments, the treatise and the instruments themself, from where it is inferred didactic potentialities which resulted in the performance of an oriented teaching activity with high school students from a public school. The analyses of students’ actions were guided by a logic-historical perspective and by empirical and theoretical thinking. It was verified that this activity provided a dialogue between mathematical knowledge from a time with the present day, which allowed to the participants to mobilize mathematical concepts during the activity and assist them in the comprehension of thinking process. Among the results, it can be highlighted the relation from the simple to the complex in what regards the direct representation of a triangle and the conceptual elaboration necessary as to the apparent limitation of the instrument, and the empirical to the theoretical thinking process by the analyses of the classification of the triangles as to their sides and angles. From that research, a final product was elaborated as a booklet with contributions to the teaching of triangles by the instrument of trigonal sector and its treatise.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
História da matemática, Ensino de matemática, Setor trigonal, History of mathematics, Mathematics teaching, Trigonal sector