Caracterização do perfil de resposta do V̇O2 durante e após o desempenho de 200 metros máximo e sua aplicação na avaliação da aptidão aeróbia máxima (V̇O2max) de nadadores
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Data
2017-05-10
Autores
Simionato, Astor Reis [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo do presente estudo foi diagnosticar a potência aeróbia máxima (V̇O2max) pela curva de recuperação do V̇O2 no desempenho máximo de 200m (v200m), com propósito de preservar a ecologia de nado devido uma menor perturbação contextual na avaliação do atleta. 13 nadadores (16,2 ± 2,0 anos, 172,9 ± 10,0 cm e 66,4 ± 11,3 kg) realizaram (1º) teste de desempenho máximo em v200m, (2º) protocolo incremental escalonado (TIE - 6 x 250m e 1 x 200m (TIE_200m) - baseados no melhor tempo de v200m), e (3º) teste de fase-constante à v90%ΔvLL-vV̇O2max para confirmação do V̇O2max. A permuta gasosa pulmonar foi analisada respiração-a-respiração durante e após o exercício por um analisador de gases portátil (K4b2, Cosmed, Itália), acoplada a um snorkel (new-AquaTrainer®, Cosmed, Itália), os dados foram utilizados para caracterização da cinética do V̇O2, determinação do V̇O2max (TIE) e V̇O2End-Exercise - V̇O2EE (TIE_200m v200m). Amostras de sangue (25 ul) foram coletadas nos testes TIE e à v90%Δ e lidas (YSI, 2300 STAT, Yellow Springs, Estados Unidos) para a análise do lactato sanguíneo pico, limiares lactacidêmicos e determinação dos parâmetros secundários de esforço máximo. O método de retro-extrapolação da curva de recuperação do V̇O2 foi utilizado para obter os valores de V̇O2pico (TIE_200m e v200m). Os valores obtidos foram apresentados em torno da média e desvio-padrão e averiguados, quanto à normalidade, pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. O teste de ANOVA (uma entrada, conjugado à “Scheffe” como post-hoc) comparou as médias dos parâmetros da cinética do V̇O2 durante e após o exercício. O coeficiente de determinação ajustado à amostra (R2Adj) e de correlação de Pearson (r) foram aplicados para analisar o poder de associativo do valor de V̇O2max, com os valores de V̇O2pico (v200m e TIE_200m). O erro padrão da estimativa (EPE) averiguou a distorção na previsão do V̇O2max pelo V̇O2pico (v200m e TIE_200m). As funções lineares e mono-exponenciais associando V̇O2, lactato sanguíneo, à velocidade de nado e ao tempo de desempenho empregaram o método dos quadrados mínimos. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em ρ ≤ 0,05. As análises estatísticas e matemáticas foram realizadas nos softwares SPSS 18.0® e OriginPro 8®, respectivamente. Os valores de V̇O2max (53,6 ± 7,3 ml×kg1×min-1) não foram diferentes do V̇O2EE para o v200m (3450,7 ± 531,8 ml×min-1, ρ =0,987) e TIE_200m (3410,3 ± 554,6 ml×min-1, ρ = 0,960), tampouco do V̇O2pico obtido por retro-extrapolação apresentou diferenças para v200m (3465 ± 701,2 ml×min-1, ρ = 0,971, R2Adj = 0,875, EPE = 227,7 ml×min-1) e TIE_200m (3556,8 ± 748,8 ml×min-1, ρ = 0,995, R2Adj = 0,861, EPE = 224,1 ml×min-1). Ambos os testes (v200m e TIE_200m) apresentaram resposta completa do ajuste do V̇O2 à 53,0 ± 18,6% e 63,8 ± 23,1 do tempo total de desempenho, respectivamente. Não houveram diferenças entre os parâmetros da cinética durante o exercício para ambos os testes, mas a constante temporal pós-exercício foi diferente (ρ = 0,046), sugerindo que o tempo de ajuste pós-esforço é menor em TIE_200m quando comparado a v200m. O presente estudo confirma a validade do desempenho de 200m como protocolo único para o diagnóstico da aptidão cardiorrespiratória máxima por retro-extrapolação, e a diferença na constante temporal sugere a importância de analisar a influência da capacidade anaeróbia sobre a variação do coeficiente angular e projeção do V̇O2 pelo intercepto da reta no método de retro-extrapolação.
The aim of the present study was to diagnose the 2max h 2 recovery curve in the all-out of 200m (v200m), in order to preserve the swimming ecology due to a less contextual disturbance in the athlete's evaluation. 13 swimmers (16.2 ± 2.0 years, 172.9 ± 10.0 cm and 66.4 ± 11.3 kg) performed (1st) maximum performance test in v200m, (2nd) incremental protocol (TIE - 6 x 250m and 1 x 200m (TIE_200m) - based on the best time at v200m), and (3rd) constant-phase test at v90% vLL-v 2max 2max confirmation. The gas exchange was analyzed breath-to-breath during and after exercise by a portable gas analyzer (K4b2 , Cosmed, Italy), coupled to a snorkel (new-AquaTrainer® , Cosmed, Italy), data were used for ch 2 kinetics, determination of 2max 2End-Exercise - 2EE (TIE_200m and v200m). Samples of blood (25 ul) were collected in the TIE and v 90% tests and read (YSI, 2300 STAT, Yellow Springs, USA) for analysis of peak blood lactate, lactacidemic thresholds and determination of secondary parameters of maximal h k- h h 2 recovery curve was used to obtain the values of 2peak (TIE_200m and v200m). The values obtained were presented around the mean and standard deviation and were ascertained, as far as normality, by the Shapiro-W k h AN A “ - ” conjugated to Scheffe as post-hoc) compared the means of 2 kinetics parameters during and after exercise. The sample adjusted coefficient of determination (R2 Adj) and Pearson Correlation (r) were applied to analyze the associative power of the 2max h h 2peak (v200m and TIE_200m). The standard error of the estimation (EPE) verified the distortion in the prediction of the 2max by 2peak (v200m and TIE_200m). The linear and monoexponential functions associated with 2, blood lactate, swim speed and performance time employed the least squares method. The level of significance was set at ρ ≤ 5 S h h software SPSS 18.0® and OriginPro 8® , respectively. The values of 2max (53.6 ± 7.3 ml×kg-1 ×min-1 ) were not different from 2EE for v200m (3450.7 ± 531.8 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.987) and TIE_200m (3410 , 3 ± 554.6 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.960), nor of the 2peak obtained by retro-extrapolation presented differences for v200m (3465 ± 701.2 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.971, R2 Adj = 0.875, EPE = 227.7 ml×min-1 ) and TIE_200m (3556.8 ± 748.8 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.995, R2 Adj = 0.861, EPE = 224.1 ml×min-1 ). Both tests (v200m and TIE_200m) showed complete response of 2 adjustment to 53.0 ± 18.6% and 63.8 ± 23.1 of the total performance time, respectively. There were no differences between the kinetics parameters during exercise for both tests, but the time constant () post-exercise was different (ρ = 0.046), suggesting that the post-exercise adjustment time was lower in TIE_200m when compared to v200m. The present study confirms the validity of the 200m performance as a single protocol for the diagnosis of maximal cardiorespiratory fitness by retro-extrapolation, and the difference in suggests the importance of analyzing the influence of anaerobic capacity on the variation of the angular coefficient and 2 projection by the line intercept in the back-extrapolation method.
The aim of the present study was to diagnose the 2max h 2 recovery curve in the all-out of 200m (v200m), in order to preserve the swimming ecology due to a less contextual disturbance in the athlete's evaluation. 13 swimmers (16.2 ± 2.0 years, 172.9 ± 10.0 cm and 66.4 ± 11.3 kg) performed (1st) maximum performance test in v200m, (2nd) incremental protocol (TIE - 6 x 250m and 1 x 200m (TIE_200m) - based on the best time at v200m), and (3rd) constant-phase test at v90% vLL-v 2max 2max confirmation. The gas exchange was analyzed breath-to-breath during and after exercise by a portable gas analyzer (K4b2 , Cosmed, Italy), coupled to a snorkel (new-AquaTrainer® , Cosmed, Italy), data were used for ch 2 kinetics, determination of 2max 2End-Exercise - 2EE (TIE_200m and v200m). Samples of blood (25 ul) were collected in the TIE and v 90% tests and read (YSI, 2300 STAT, Yellow Springs, USA) for analysis of peak blood lactate, lactacidemic thresholds and determination of secondary parameters of maximal h k- h h 2 recovery curve was used to obtain the values of 2peak (TIE_200m and v200m). The values obtained were presented around the mean and standard deviation and were ascertained, as far as normality, by the Shapiro-W k h AN A “ - ” conjugated to Scheffe as post-hoc) compared the means of 2 kinetics parameters during and after exercise. The sample adjusted coefficient of determination (R2 Adj) and Pearson Correlation (r) were applied to analyze the associative power of the 2max h h 2peak (v200m and TIE_200m). The standard error of the estimation (EPE) verified the distortion in the prediction of the 2max by 2peak (v200m and TIE_200m). The linear and monoexponential functions associated with 2, blood lactate, swim speed and performance time employed the least squares method. The level of significance was set at ρ ≤ 5 S h h software SPSS 18.0® and OriginPro 8® , respectively. The values of 2max (53.6 ± 7.3 ml×kg-1 ×min-1 ) were not different from 2EE for v200m (3450.7 ± 531.8 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.987) and TIE_200m (3410 , 3 ± 554.6 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.960), nor of the 2peak obtained by retro-extrapolation presented differences for v200m (3465 ± 701.2 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.971, R2 Adj = 0.875, EPE = 227.7 ml×min-1 ) and TIE_200m (3556.8 ± 748.8 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.995, R2 Adj = 0.861, EPE = 224.1 ml×min-1 ). Both tests (v200m and TIE_200m) showed complete response of 2 adjustment to 53.0 ± 18.6% and 63.8 ± 23.1 of the total performance time, respectively. There were no differences between the kinetics parameters during exercise for both tests, but the time constant () post-exercise was different (ρ = 0.046), suggesting that the post-exercise adjustment time was lower in TIE_200m when compared to v200m. The present study confirms the validity of the 200m performance as a single protocol for the diagnosis of maximal cardiorespiratory fitness by retro-extrapolation, and the difference in suggests the importance of analyzing the influence of anaerobic capacity on the variation of the angular coefficient and 2 projection by the line intercept in the back-extrapolation method.
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Palavras-chave
Consumo de oxigênio, Teste de esforço, Desempenho atlético, Modelos matemáticos, Natação