Um estudo sobre representações de sexualidade e atitudes sexuais de adolescentes de uma escola pública: análise-descritiva de grafitos em carteiras escolares
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Data
2017-02-23
Autores
Vilela, Gabriela Jaqueline Domingues [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A escola é o local onde os adolescentes passam boa parte do tempo, desta forma, a instituição assume grande responsabilidade na formação destes jovens. A adolescência é um período de intensas mudanças no âmbito físico, psicológico e social, e o ambiente escolar, muitas vezes não está preparado para lidar com esse adolescente, cheio de questionamentos e anseios e, transgressor de regras. A instituição escolar, com suas normas e regras, tenta adequar os corpos e silenciar determinados assuntos, como é o caso da sexualidade. O jovem, que não encontra espaço para falar sobre o tema, procura outra maneira de se expressar, uma delas é a confecção dos grafitos de conotação sexual. Eles podem ser vistos nos mais variados espaços: paredes, banheiros, vidros e nas carteiras escolares, onde os estudantes desenham, escrevem e revelam seus anseios, angústias, preconceitos e dúvidas. O nosso objeto de estudo são os grafitos inscritos nas carteiras escolares, eles representam um importante meio de comunicação, onde se dá as manifestações sexuais. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram descrever e analisar as representações sexuais de estudantes de uma escola pública do interior do Estado de São Paulo, a partir da expressão gráfica em suas carteiras. Este é um trabalho descritivo-exploratório, de cunho qualitativo, no qual utilizamos a análise de conteúdo como metodologia para a análise dos dados. A coleta do material ocorreu por meio de registros fotográficos dos grafitos encontrados nas carteiras, entre os meses de agosto e dezembro de 2015. Os grafitos foram feitos por alunos na faixa etária dos 11 aos 17 anos, que cursavam do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental II à 3ª série do Ensino Médio. Foram coletados 187 grafitos para a análise, sendo que 49% se enquadram na categoria “xingamentos”, na qual o destaque foi para o xingamento relativo a orientação sexual masculina: 21%. Práticas sexuais apareceram em 18% dos grafitos e os grafitos de órgãos genitais foram a terceira categoria com maior representatividade (14%). Estes resultados mostram como a homofobia, o machismo e o padrão heteronormativo, entre outros, são reproduzidos e assimilados no ambiente escolar (e fora dele), pelos estudantes. Este trabalho nos permitiu adentrar um pouco o universo adolescente e conhecer quais são suas concepções de sexualidade. Acreditamos que esta pesquisa é de grande importância para ajudar a compreender a vivência da sexualidade adolescente, além de fornecer subsídios para melhorar ou instituir programas em Educação Sexual nas escolas, utilizando como matéria-prima os registros desses jovens, e, com isso, formando cidadãos críticos e conscientes de sua sexualidade.
School is where teenagers spend much of their time, thus, the institution takes a huge responsibility in the education of these young people. The adolescence is a period of big changes in the physic, psychological and social scope, and the school environment is often not prepared to deal with this teenager, who is full of questions and desires and is a rule transgressor. The school institution, with its standards and rules, tries to suit the bodies and silence some subjects, such as the sexuality. The young person, who cannot find a place to talk about the topic, seeks another way to express him or herself; one of them is the production of graffiti with sexual connotation. They can be seen in several places: walls, bathrooms, windows and school desks where students draw, write and reveal their anxieties, fears, prejudices and doubts. The object of our study are the graffiti written in the school desks. They represent an important mean of communication, where sexual demonstrations happen. The aim of this research was to describe and analyze the sexual representations of students at a public school in the state of Sao Paulo from the graphic expression on their desks. This is a descriptive/exploratory study of qualitative approach, in which we used the content analysis as a methodology for data analysis. The material collection occurred through photographic records of graffiti found on the desks between August and December of 2015. The graffiti were made by students aged between 11 and 17 who attend from the 6th grade of elementary school II to the 3rd year of high school. We collected 187 graffiti for analysis, and 49% fall into the category "name calling", the highlight was the curse on male sexual orientation: 21%. Sexual practices appeared in 18% of graffiti and graffiti of genitals were the third category with the largest representation (14%). These results show how homophobia, chauvinism and heteronormative standards, among other things, are reproduced and assimilated in the school environment (and outside of it) by students. This work allowed us to get in the teenagers’ universe and to learn more about their conceptions of sexuality. We believe that this research has great importance in helping to understand the experience of adolescent sexuality and provides aids to improve or establish programs for Sex Education in schools, using as raw material the records of these young people, thereby forming critical citizens conscious of their sexuality.
School is where teenagers spend much of their time, thus, the institution takes a huge responsibility in the education of these young people. The adolescence is a period of big changes in the physic, psychological and social scope, and the school environment is often not prepared to deal with this teenager, who is full of questions and desires and is a rule transgressor. The school institution, with its standards and rules, tries to suit the bodies and silence some subjects, such as the sexuality. The young person, who cannot find a place to talk about the topic, seeks another way to express him or herself; one of them is the production of graffiti with sexual connotation. They can be seen in several places: walls, bathrooms, windows and school desks where students draw, write and reveal their anxieties, fears, prejudices and doubts. The object of our study are the graffiti written in the school desks. They represent an important mean of communication, where sexual demonstrations happen. The aim of this research was to describe and analyze the sexual representations of students at a public school in the state of Sao Paulo from the graphic expression on their desks. This is a descriptive/exploratory study of qualitative approach, in which we used the content analysis as a methodology for data analysis. The material collection occurred through photographic records of graffiti found on the desks between August and December of 2015. The graffiti were made by students aged between 11 and 17 who attend from the 6th grade of elementary school II to the 3rd year of high school. We collected 187 graffiti for analysis, and 49% fall into the category "name calling", the highlight was the curse on male sexual orientation: 21%. Sexual practices appeared in 18% of graffiti and graffiti of genitals were the third category with the largest representation (14%). These results show how homophobia, chauvinism and heteronormative standards, among other things, are reproduced and assimilated in the school environment (and outside of it) by students. This work allowed us to get in the teenagers’ universe and to learn more about their conceptions of sexuality. We believe that this research has great importance in helping to understand the experience of adolescent sexuality and provides aids to improve or establish programs for Sex Education in schools, using as raw material the records of these young people, thereby forming critical citizens conscious of their sexuality.
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Palavras-chave
Adolescentes, Grafitos, Carteiras escolares, Educação sexual, Teenagers, Graffiti, School desks, Sex education