Controle de vibrações em estruturas flexíveis utilizando observador de estados
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Data
2017-05-12
Autores
Daltin, Daniel Celso
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo de técnicas de controle de vibração tem grande importância em diversas áreas da Engenharia, tais como Aeroespacial, Automobilística, Mecânica, Robótica, etc. Um dos principais problemas observados nesses sistemas referem-se as oscilações mecânicas oriundas dos movimentos, ocasionando as vibrações nas estruturas flexíveis. Os sistemas de controle de veículos espaciais, satélites artificiais, manipuladores robóticos, guindastes rotativos, vigas engastadas, entre outros, mesmo se considerados rígidos, apresentam comportamento não-linear. Analisar essas situações expostas visa, dentro das diversas áreas, proporcionar maior margem de segurança e estabilidade do equipamento, da carga e dos usuários. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver modelos matemáticos para sistemas rotacionais em estruturas flexíveis e aplicar um Observador de Estados para estimar as variáveis de estado, que permite diminuir a quantidade de sensores, e projetar controladores para atenuar vibrações, com base na resposta experimental, na avaliação, verificação e validação do modelo desenvolvido para controlar vibrações em estruturas flexíveis. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se em desenvolver modelos matemáticos do sistema de controle de vibração para o sistema Rotary Flexible Link da Quanser, que consiste de uma haste metálica flexível acoplada a um servomecanismo que permite o movimento rotacional no plano horizontal. Para a obtenção das equações de movimento, considerou-se o método de Euler-Lagrange. Os resultados foram o desenvolvimento e validação experimental dos modelos matemáticos para controlar a vibração da viga flexível, e com a utilização do Observador de Estados permitiu demonstrar uma ótima estimativa das variáveis de estado, além de eliminar a utilização do tacômetro e do strain gage.
The study of vibration control techniques has great importance in several areas of Engineering, such as Aerospace, Automotive, Mechanics, Robotics, etc. One of the main problems observed in these systems refers to the mechanical oscillations originating from the movements, causing the vibrations in the flexible structures. Space vehicle control systems, artificial satellites, robotic manipulators, rotary cranes, clamped beams, among others, even if considered rigid, exhibit non-linear behavior. Analyzing these exposed situations aims, within the several areas, to provide greater margin of safety and stability of the equipment, the load and the users. Given this context, this work aims to develop mathematical models for rotational systems in flexible structures and to apply a State Observer to estimate the state variables, which allows to reduce the number of sensors, and design controllers to attenuate vibrations, based on the response Experimental, in the evaluation, verification and validation of the model developed to control vibrations in flexible structures. The methodology used is based on developing mathematical models of the vibration control system for the Rotary Flexible Link system of Quanser, which consists of a flexible metal beam coupled to a servomechanism that allows rotational movement in the horizontal plane. In order to obtain the equations of motion, the Euler-Lagrange method was considered. The results were the development and experimental validation of the mathematical models to control the vibration of the flexible beam, and with the use of the State Observer, it was possible to demonstrate a good estimation of the state variables, besides eliminating the use of the tachometer and the strain gage.
The study of vibration control techniques has great importance in several areas of Engineering, such as Aerospace, Automotive, Mechanics, Robotics, etc. One of the main problems observed in these systems refers to the mechanical oscillations originating from the movements, causing the vibrations in the flexible structures. Space vehicle control systems, artificial satellites, robotic manipulators, rotary cranes, clamped beams, among others, even if considered rigid, exhibit non-linear behavior. Analyzing these exposed situations aims, within the several areas, to provide greater margin of safety and stability of the equipment, the load and the users. Given this context, this work aims to develop mathematical models for rotational systems in flexible structures and to apply a State Observer to estimate the state variables, which allows to reduce the number of sensors, and design controllers to attenuate vibrations, based on the response Experimental, in the evaluation, verification and validation of the model developed to control vibrations in flexible structures. The methodology used is based on developing mathematical models of the vibration control system for the Rotary Flexible Link system of Quanser, which consists of a flexible metal beam coupled to a servomechanism that allows rotational movement in the horizontal plane. In order to obtain the equations of motion, the Euler-Lagrange method was considered. The results were the development and experimental validation of the mathematical models to control the vibration of the flexible beam, and with the use of the State Observer, it was possible to demonstrate a good estimation of the state variables, besides eliminating the use of the tachometer and the strain gage.
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Palavras-chave
Controle de vibração, Estruturas flexíveis, Observador de estados, Vibration control, Flexible structures, State observer